Pure gold, in its pure form, is largely unaffected by saltwater. However, most gold jewelry is not made of pure gold, introducing other metals that can react negatively with a saline environment. The impact of saltwater primarily depends on the gold item’s purity and the specific metals it is combined with.
The Unique Properties of Gold
Pure gold, specifically 24-karat gold, possesses inherent chemical properties that make it highly resistant to saltwater. It is classified as a noble metal, meaning it resists oxidation, corrosion, and tarnish. This chemical inertness ensures that pure gold remains stable and does not chemically degrade or rust when exposed to saltwater, even over extended periods.
The Impact on Gold Alloys
Most gold jewelry is created from alloys, mixtures of gold and other metals. Gold is relatively soft in its pure form, so it is combined with metals like copper, silver, nickel, or zinc to enhance its hardness, durability, and to modify its color. The karat system indicates the proportion of pure gold in an item; for example, 14K gold contains 58.3% pure gold, with the remaining 41.7% being other metals. 10K gold has an even higher percentage of these added metals.
Saltwater can significantly affect these non-gold metals within the alloy. The high concentration of chloride ions in saltwater can aggressively attack metals such as copper and silver. This reaction can lead to tarnishing, discoloration, or corrosion of the alloy components, which manifests as a dull film or darkening on the jewelry’s surface. Lower karat gold items, like 10K or 14K, are more susceptible to these effects because they contain a higher proportion of reactive base metals compared to 18K gold. Prolonged exposure can even weaken the overall structure of the jewelry, particularly at soldered points.
Caring for Gold After Saltwater Contact
If gold jewelry, especially gold alloys, comes into contact with saltwater, prompt and proper care can help maintain its appearance. The first step is to rinse the item thoroughly with fresh, clean water to remove any salt residue and mineral deposits. This immediate rinse helps prevent the corrosive effects of salt from lingering on the metal surface.
Following the rinse, a gentle cleaning is recommended to restore luster and address any discoloration. A solution of mild soap and warm water can be used to soak the jewelry for a few minutes. A soft brush, such as a soft-bristled toothbrush, can then be used to gently scrub away any dirt or tarnish from intricate areas. After cleaning, the jewelry should be rinsed again with fresh water and thoroughly dried with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent water spots or further tarnishing. Harsh chemicals or abrasive materials should be avoided, as these can damage the alloy or scratch the surface of the gold.