It is a common misconception that redwood is a type of cedar, but these are distinct tree species. While both are highly valued for their resilience and aesthetic appeal in various applications, they belong to different botanical classifications. Understanding their unique characteristics helps clarify why they are often confused, despite their separate biological identities.
Understanding Redwood
Redwood trees are members of the Cupressaceae family, within the subfamily Sequoioideae (including Sequoia and Sequoiadendron). The Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) are prominent examples, known for their immense size and longevity. These trees are primarily native to coastal California and southwestern Oregon, thriving in moist, temperate climates.
Coast Redwoods are among the tallest trees globally, commonly exceeding 200 feet in height, with some reaching over 360 feet. Their heartwood displays a distinctive reddish-brown hue and possesses natural compounds that provide resistance to decay, rot, and insect infestations. This durability makes redwood a preferred material for outdoor construction, including decking, siding, and outdoor furniture.
Understanding Cedar
The term “cedar” can refer to a diverse group of coniferous trees, including true cedars and other species commonly called cedars due to their aromatic wood or appearance. True cedars belong to the genus Cedrus within the Pinaceae family. However, many widely recognized “cedars” in North America, such as Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata) and Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), are actually members of the Cupressaceae family, more closely related to cypress trees than to true cedars.
Cedar species vary in their native habitats, ranging from the Pacific Northwest for Western Redcedar to eastern North America for Eastern Redcedar. Their wood is characterized by aromatic properties, straight grain, and a lighter weight. These characteristics make cedar widely used for applications like shingles, fencing, chest linings, and closet interiors.
Key Distinctions Between Redwood and Cedar
Redwood and cedar differ significantly in their botanical classification; redwoods belong to the subfamily Sequoioideae, while true cedars are in the genus Cedrus, and many “cedars” are in genera like Thuja or Juniperus.
Physically, redwoods are generally taller and more massive than cedars, with Coast Redwoods reaching greater heights than even the tallest cedars. Redwood heartwood typically presents a deeper, more consistent reddish-brown color, whereas cedar can range from reddish tones to lighter yellows or even white. While both are considered softwoods, redwood often has a slightly higher density and is about 23% harder than Western Redcedar on the Janka hardness scale.
In terms of natural properties, both woods offer resistance to decay and insects due to inherent compounds. However, cedar is particularly known for its distinct aromatic scent, which is less pronounced in redwood. These differences influence their primary uses; redwood’s strength and durability make it suitable for large outdoor structures, while cedar’s aroma and lighter weight lend it to applications like closet lining or smaller exterior features.
Why the Confusion?
The common confusion between redwood and cedar stems from several shared qualities and naming conventions. Both are softwoods frequently utilized for outdoor applications because of their natural resistance to decay and insects. This shared durability and suitability for similar external uses can lead people to believe they are the same type of wood.
Additionally, the reddish coloration of redwood, alongside the common name “red cedar” for certain species like Western Redcedar and Eastern Redcedar, contributes to the misunderstanding. Despite their differing botanical classifications, the visual similarity and the “red” descriptor in common names create a perceived link. Historical marketing and trade practices have also played a role, as both woods have been promoted for similar construction and aesthetic purposes, further blurring the lines for consumers.