Wound healing is a biological process that begins immediately after an injury to the skin. This process involves overlapping phases, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Some redness around a wound is a common and natural part of this healing process.
Normal Redness During Healing
The initial phase of wound healing, known as the inflammatory phase, begins shortly after an injury. During this period, injured blood vessels leak fluid made of water, salt, and protein, leading to localized swelling. This fluid allows healing and repair cells to migrate to the wound site.
Inflammation controls bleeding and prevents infection by removing damaged cells, pathogens, and bacteria. White blood cells, growth factors, nutrients, and enzymes contribute to the swelling, heat, pain, and redness observed during this stage. The redness is mild, localized to the wound area, and gradually decreases as healing progresses. A rich blood supply also forms to sustain newly developed tissue, contributing to the reddish appearance of a new scar.
Signs Redness Is Concerning
While some redness is expected, certain characteristics indicate a potential problem, such as infection or severe inflammation. Increasing redness around the wound, especially if it spreads outward or becomes brighter, can be a sign of infection. Red streaks extending from the wound, known as lymphangitis, suggest the infection is spreading through the lymphatic system and requires prompt attention.
Intense warmth around the wound, along with worsening or throbbing pain not relieved by over-the-counter medications, signals a potential issue. Swelling that intensifies or makes the wound feel tight and puffy may indicate an infection developing under the skin. Any thick, yellow, green, or cloudy discharge, particularly if it has an unpleasant odor, points to an infection. The formation of a pimple or yellow crust on the wound, or a soft scab that increases in size, are also concerning signs.
When to Seek Medical Care
Medical evaluation is recommended if concerning signs of redness appear. Consult a healthcare professional if the redness around your wound is spreading or intensifying, or if red streaks extend from the wound.
Medical care is also recommended if the wound is not improving after about a week, or if pain, swelling, or discharge worsen despite home treatment. A persistent fever (greater than 100.4°F) or chills accompanying wound symptoms can indicate a systemic infection that needs professional assessment. For deep wounds, puncture wounds, or animal bites, professional evaluation is recommended.