Pterygium surgery often raises questions about pain. While some discomfort is common, severe pain is generally not expected. The procedure and recovery aim to minimize patient discomfort and ensure a smooth healing process.
Understanding Pterygium
A pterygium is a fleshy, triangular-shaped growth on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye. It typically begins in the corner of the eye and can extend toward the iris, the colored part of the eye. This growth is non-cancerous and does not spread to other tissues.
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a primary cause, along with chronic irritation from wind, dust, and dry conditions. Surgery becomes an option if the pterygium affects vision, causes significant irritation, or for cosmetic reasons. If left untreated, a pterygium can continue to grow, potentially distorting the cornea and leading to blurred vision or astigmatism.
Pain Management During Surgery
Pterygium surgery is typically performed under local anesthesia, often with light sedation. Eye drops are used to numb the eye, and a small amount of local anesthetic may be injected under the conjunctiva. This ensures the eye is pain-free during the procedure.
While the eye is numbed, patients might still perceive sensations such as pressure or a pulling feeling, but they should not experience sharp pain.
What to Expect Post-Surgery
After pterygium surgery, some discomfort is expected as the anesthesia wears off. Patients commonly report a gritty sensation, a feeling like something is in the eye, or mild to moderate soreness. The eye will likely appear red, and some tearing and light sensitivity are also common during the initial days.
Post-operative discomfort is managed with prescribed pain relievers, such as over-the-counter options. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are also prescribed to reduce swelling and irritation, and artificial tears help to keep the eye lubricated and soothe symptoms. While discomfort is normal, severe or unmanageable pain is uncommon and should prompt immediate medical attention.
The Healing Journey and Long-Term Outlook
The initial healing phase typically involves the reduction of significant discomfort within the first few days to a week. Redness in the eye can persist for several weeks, gradually fading over one to two months. Blurred vision is common initially, but it typically improves as the eye heals.
Patients receive instructions for post-operative care, which usually includes wearing an eye shield at night for a period, avoiding rubbing the eye, and refraining from strenuous activities or swimming for several weeks. Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor the healing process and adjust medications.
While the eye can take a few weeks to a few months to fully recover and look normal, most individuals can resume routine activities, including work and driving, within one to two weeks. Pterygium recurrence rates have been significantly reduced by modern surgical methods.