Pothos, scientifically known as Epipremnum aureum and commonly nicknamed Devil’s Ivy, is one of the most widely cultivated and popular vining houseplants due to its attractive foliage and ease of care. Despite its common presence in homes and offices, this plant contains substances that make it toxic to humans and pets if ingested or chewed. This toxicity means that Pothos can cause immediate, uncomfortable reactions upon contact with the mouth or digestive tract.
The Mechanism of Toxicity
The physical irritation caused by Pothos is entirely due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals found within all parts of the plant, especially the leaves and stems. These are microscopic, needle-shaped structures known as raphides, which the plant naturally produces as a defense mechanism against herbivores. When a person chews or damages the plant tissue, these microscopic needles are mechanically ejected into the soft tissues of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract lining. This action causes immediate and intense physical damage, similar to having tiny glass shards embedded in the skin, triggering a rapid inflammatory response.
Immediate Physical Reactions
Exposure to Pothos results in a nearly immediate onset of symptoms, starting with a sensation of intense burning pain and irritation in the mouth, on the tongue, and around the lips. This sharp discomfort is the body’s direct reaction to the mechanical penetration of the calcium oxalate raphides. The irritation often leads to excessive drooling as the body attempts to wash away the irritating crystals.
Swelling of the oral and pharyngeal tissues is a common secondary reaction following the initial burning sensation. This swelling can affect the tongue and throat, potentially leading to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). While the experience is highly distressing and painful, the symptoms are usually localized to the mouth and rarely life-threatening in adults who ingest only a small amount.
In some instances, the irritation may extend into the stomach, potentially causing nausea, vomiting, or stomach upset. Severe swelling that obstructs the airway is an extremely rare but possible complication, particularly if a large quantity is consumed. Contact with the plant sap on the skin can also cause localized irritation or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
First Aid and Emergency Action
If Pothos ingestion or chewing is suspected, the immediate focus should be on minimizing irritation and addressing potential swelling. The affected person should immediately rinse their mouth thoroughly with cool water to help remove any remaining plant material or crystals. Offering the person small amounts of milk or cool water to drink can also help soothe the burning sensation by coating the irritated tissues.
Contact a certified Poison Control Center immediately for guidance (1-800-222-1222). They can provide expert, situation-specific advice based on the quantity consumed and the person’s symptoms. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical professional or Poison Control. Seek emergency medical attention by calling 911 if the person shows any signs of difficulty breathing, significant swelling of the throat or tongue, or a change in mental status.