Popping, clicking, or grinding sounds (crepitus) from the shoulder after surgery are common and often lead to concern. While frequently a normal part of healing, these sounds can occasionally signal an underlying issue. Distinguishing between benign sounds and those indicating a problem is important for effective recovery.
Common Reasons for Joint Sounds
Benign shoulder sounds after surgery have several causes. One frequent cause is the formation and collapse of gas bubbles within the synovial fluid, a natural joint lubricant. This phenomenon, known as cavitation, is similar to cracking knuckles and typically causes no pain. These gas bubbles form due to changes in joint pressure during movement.
Soft tissues, such as tendons and ligaments, can also contribute to sounds as they move or “snap” over bony prominences or scar tissue. This is particularly noticeable during rehabilitation as the shoulder regains its range of motion. New scar tissue, a normal part of healing, can also produce sounds as the shoulder moves, often diminishing as tissues mature and the shoulder recovers.
Muscle imbalance or weakness during recovery can further contribute to joint noises. As muscles around the shoulder strengthen unevenly, altered joint mechanics can temporarily lead to instability or unusual movement patterns that result in sounds. Painless clicking or popping without other symptoms is generally considered a normal aspect of post-surgical recovery and may persist for up to a year.
Identifying Concerning Sounds
While many post-surgical shoulder sounds are benign, certain accompanying symptoms suggest a more significant issue requiring medical evaluation. Any popping, clicking, or grinding sound occurring alongside new or increased pain warrants prompt attention. Painful crepitus can indicate a serious underlying condition.
Visible swelling around the shoulder joint, especially if it increases suddenly or extends beyond the surgical site, is another red flag. A sensation that the shoulder is unstable, dislocating, or “giving way” also indicates a potential complication, suggesting the joint is not properly aligned or supported.
A rougher, grinding sensation or a feeling of catching that impedes movement differs from simple popping and should be evaluated. This can sometimes indicate issues with cartilage or other joint structures. If sounds are accompanied by a sudden decrease in the shoulder’s ability to move, or become more frequent, louder, or change in character over time, contact a surgeon or physical therapist. These symptoms could signal complications like re-injury, hardware issues, or persistent inflammation.