Pollock is a fish, a common and versatile seafood. It is widely used in prepared products and holds a significant place in global markets.
Understanding Pollock
Pollock refers to several species of marine whitefish belonging to the cod family, Gadidae, with two commercially prominent types being Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), also known as Walleye Pollock, and Atlantic Pollock (Pollachius virens), sometimes called saithe or coley. Alaska Pollock was reclassified to the Gadus genus, highlighting its close genetic relationship to Atlantic cod.
Alaska Pollock primarily inhabits the cold waters of the North Pacific Ocean, with the largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Atlantic Pollock is found in the North Atlantic Ocean, particularly in areas like the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine.
These fish are typically schooling species, with Alaska Pollock often reaching lengths of 12 to 20 inches and weighing 1 to 3 pounds. Atlantic Pollock can grow larger, exceeding 3 feet in length and 35 pounds.
How Pollock is Used
It is a leading species in terms of total catch, particularly Alaska Pollock, which accounts for the largest fishery by volume in the United States. Its mild flavor and flaky, white meat make it suitable for a variety of culinary uses.
This fish is a common ingredient in popular consumer products such as fish sticks, breaded fish portions, and fish fillets found in fast-food chains. A significant portion of the pollock harvest, especially Alaska Pollock, is processed into surimi, a paste used to create imitation crab meat, lobster, and other seafood products. Its versatility contributes to its widespread availability year-round.
Nutritional Value and Sustainability
Pollock offers several nutritional benefits, serving as a lean source of protein that is low in calories and saturated fat. It provides beneficial nutrients, including vitamin B12, selenium, and phosphorus. Additionally, pollock contains omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to overall health.
Alaska Pollock is recognized for its sustainable management practices. Fisheries in areas like the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska are certified by organizations such as the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), indicating healthy populations and responsible harvesting methods.
The fishing methods used, primarily pelagic trawling, minimize seabed impact and result in low levels of unintended bycatch. This careful management ensures the long-term viability of pollock stocks.