Hydrogen peroxide is a common household item often considered for swollen gums. While it has antiseptic properties, its use requires careful consideration due to potential benefits and risks.
Causes of Swollen Gums
Swollen gums often signal an underlying issue, from oral hygiene problems to systemic health conditions. The most frequent cause is gingivitis, an early stage of gum disease characterized by irritation, redness, and swelling. This typically arises from plaque buildup, a sticky film of bacteria and food particles, on teeth and along the gumline. If not removed, plaque hardens into tartar, further irritating gum tissue and shielding bacteria.
Other factors can contribute to gum swelling. Hormonal fluctuations (e.g., during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause) can increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to inflammation. Nutritional deficiencies, especially a lack of vitamins B and C, can also lead to gum swelling. Certain medications, infections, or allergic reactions to oral hygiene products or foods can also cause swollen gums.
Hydrogen Peroxide and Gums
Hydrogen peroxide is known for its antiseptic qualities, working by releasing oxygen to eliminate anaerobic bacteria often associated with gum disease. When diluted, it may offer temporary relief from surface bacteria and some inflammation, leading to its historical use in dental settings for treating gum disease and reducing plaque. Some studies suggest it can help reduce specific bacteria linked to gingivitis and contribute to plaque control.
Despite these potential benefits, using hydrogen peroxide for swollen gums carries significant limitations and risks. It does not address the root cause of the swelling, which is crucial for lasting improvement. Improper or frequent use, or higher concentrations, can lead to irritation, chemical burns, or damage to healthy gum tissue. Swallowing hydrogen peroxide, even diluted, can cause digestive upset, vomiting, or more serious internal burning.
Prolonged or excessive use may also increase tooth sensitivity, contribute to enamel erosion, or result in a temporary condition known as “black hairy tongue.” For these reasons, hydrogen peroxide is generally not recommended for routine use or as a primary treatment for swollen gums.
Effective Strategies for Gum Swelling
Consistent, gentle oral hygiene and professional dental care are most effective for managing swollen gums. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush (at least twice daily) and daily flossing remove plaque and food particles that contribute to gum inflammation. Use short strokes and avoid harsh scrubbing. Avoid rinsing immediately after brushing with fluoride toothpaste, allowing the fluoride to provide more protection.
Warm salt water rinses are a recommended home remedy for swollen gums. Mixing one teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water and rinsing for 30 seconds can reduce inflammation, soothe discomfort, and promote healing by creating an environment less favorable for bacteria. Staying well-hydrated supports overall oral health. If gum swelling persists for more than a few days, or is accompanied by severe pain, fever, or spreads to the face, seek professional dental attention. A dentist can diagnose the cause and provide appropriate treatments, such as deep cleanings, medicated mouthwashes, or address infections or advanced gum disease.