Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, are a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most frequently Candida albicans. These infections can lead to uncomfortable symptoms such as intense itching, burning, redness, and swelling of the vaginal area. A thick, white, often cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge is also a common indicator. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication commonly prescribed to treat these infections.
Understanding Single-Dose Fluconazole
For many individuals experiencing an uncomplicated vaginal yeast infection, a single 150 mg oral dose of fluconazole is often effective. An “uncomplicated” infection involves mild to moderate symptoms, occurs infrequently, and is caused by Candida albicans in otherwise healthy, non-pregnant individuals. This dosage is convenient due to its high oral absorption. Fluconazole works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, preventing the fungus from growing and functioning properly.
Situations Requiring More Than One Dose
There are several situations where a single dose of fluconazole may not be sufficient, indicating a “complicated” yeast infection. These cases often require a different treatment approach, such as multiple doses, a longer course of medication, or alternative antifungal agents. This includes severe symptoms, such as extensive redness, swelling, or sores in the vaginal area. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, defined as four or more infections within a single year, also requires different treatment.
Infections caused by Candida species other than Candida albicans may require different treatment. These non-albicans species can be less responsive to fluconazole. Individuals with compromised immune systems, including those with uncontrolled diabetes, HIV infection, or those taking immunosuppressive medications, often require more intensive or prolonged therapy. Fluconazole is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks; topical antifungals like clotrimazole or miconazole are preferred.
Monitoring Treatment and Seeking Further Care
After taking a single dose of fluconazole, symptom improvement begins within 24 to 72 hours. Monitor symptoms during this period. If symptoms do not improve within three days, worsen, or return shortly after treatment, seek medical attention.
Self-diagnosing recurrent or complicated infections can delay appropriate care. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures a correct diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions or those experiencing persistent symptoms. A medical professional can identify the specific type of yeast causing the infection and determine if a different medication or a longer course of treatment is needed.