Oil pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic practice involving swishing edible oil in the mouth for an extended period. Proponents suggest this technique can improve oral hygiene and overall health by drawing out harmful bacteria and toxins. Examining the safety profile, common side effects, and potential risks of this practice is important as its popularity grows.
Understanding the Oil Pulling Process
The procedure typically involves placing about one tablespoon of edible oil into the mouth, usually first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. The oil is then gently swished and “pulled” between the teeth for 10 to 20 minutes. The goal is for the oil to emulsify and absorb debris before being spit out, not swallowed. Coconut, sesame, and sunflower oil are the most frequently used, though olive oil is also utilized. After the designated time, the oil, which is often thin and milky white, is expelled from the mouth.
Common Side Effects and Contraindications
Many initial users experience minor, temporary discomforts that are generally not medically concerning. The prolonged and repetitive motion of swishing the oil can lead to temporary jaw soreness or muscle fatigue in the facial muscles. Some individuals may also report a mild headache, which is typically attributed to strain on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Nausea and the activation of the gag reflex are common side effects, especially when first attempting the practice or using too much oil. Individuals with known allergies to specific oils, existing TMJ disorders, or those who have recently undergone oral surgery are advised against the practice due to the potential for exacerbating discomfort or interfering with healing.
Risks Associated with Technique and Usage
The most serious health risk associated with improper technique is aspiration, the accidental inhalation of the oil into the lungs. This rare but serious event can result in lipoid pneumonia, a condition where the oily substance triggers an inflammatory reaction in the lung tissue. To minimize this danger, individuals should swish the oil gently, avoid deep breaths through the mouth, and never gargle. Swallowing the oil after it has been swished poses another procedural risk. The oil is thought to contain the bacteria and toxins removed from the mouth, and ingesting it can lead to gastrointestinal distress, including upset stomach, nausea, or diarrhea.
Dental and Plumbing Concerns
The mechanical swishing action may put stress on existing dental work. The force could potentially dislodge loose or weakened fillings, crowns, or veneers, requiring professional dental repair. Lastly, due to the solidification of certain oils like coconut oil, spitting the expelled oil into a sink or drain can cause significant plumbing blockages.
Scientific Perspective on Safety and Regulation
The scientific community has provided limited data on the long-term safety and efficacy of oil pulling. Robust, large-scale clinical trials evaluating the safety of the practice are largely absent from the literature. For this reason, major professional bodies, such as the American Dental Association (ADA), do not endorse oil pulling as an evidence-based dental hygiene practice. The ADA maintains there is insufficient reliable scientific evidence to support claims that oil pulling consistently improves oral health. Professional guidance emphasizes that the practice should never replace traditional oral care, which includes brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and flossing.