The characteristic “new furniture smell” is a signal that chemicals are being released into the air, a process known as off-gassing. Parents often have valid concerns about the safety of this odor for infants, particularly when setting up a nursery with new cribs, mattresses, and dressers. These airborne compounds require a closer look, especially considering a baby’s developing body and their proximity to these new items. Understanding the source of the odor, the specific risks to infants, and practical steps for reducing exposure can help create a healthier indoor environment.
Identifying the Chemical Source of the Odor
The smell noticed when unwrapping a new piece of furniture is a direct result of off-gassing, where materials release airborne chemicals. The primary chemical culprits are a group of substances known as Volatile Organic Compounds, or VOCs, which easily become gases at room temperature. These compounds are widely used in the manufacturing of various household items, including furniture, carpets, and paints.
Specifically, new furniture often contains VOCs in the adhesives, glues, sealants, and finishes used to assemble and protect the materials. Formaldehyde is a common and concerning example, frequently found in composite wood products like particleboard, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) that are popular in cribs and dressers. Other VOCs, such as benzene and toluene, may be present from paints, varnishes, or polyurethane foams used in mattresses and upholstery. Off-gassing is most intense when products are brand new, but some chemicals can continue to be released in smaller amounts throughout the product’s lifespan.
Specific Risks of Off-Gassing Exposure to Infants
Infants are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of off-gassing. Their developing organ systems, including the respiratory and neurological systems, are significantly more susceptible to damage from environmental pollutants than those of adults. Babies also have a higher breathing rate relative to their body weight, meaning they inhale a greater quantity of air and, consequently, a higher concentration of VOCs.
Exposure to VOCs can lead to both immediate and long-term health effects in infants. Acute symptoms may include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as headaches, dizziness, or nausea. Higher concentrations of formaldehyde and other VOCs may increase the risk of respiratory irritation and can potentially exacerbate or contribute to the development of conditions like asthma. Since infants spend much of their time sleeping, often directly on a new crib mattress, their prolonged proximity to the source of the off-gassing increases their overall exposure.
Practical Strategies for Reducing Exposure
Parents can take several proactive steps to significantly reduce their infant’s exposure to off-gassing from new furniture. The most effective strategy is to allow new items to off-gas extensively before placing them in the nursery. This involves removing the packaging and letting the furniture air out in a well-ventilated space, such as a garage or unused room, for a period of several days to a few weeks.
Improving air exchange in the nursery helps dissipate lingering VOCs. This can be achieved by opening windows to ensure constant fresh airflow. Using a box fan placed in the window can actively draw chemical-laden air outside, further accelerating the process.
When purchasing new items, prioritize products that have been tested and certified for low chemical emissions. Look for certifications like GREENGUARD or GREENGUARD Gold, which indicate the product meets rigorous standards for low VOC release. Selecting furniture made from solid wood instead of composite materials like particleboard or MDF can minimize formaldehyde exposure, as solid wood often uses fewer adhesives. For mattresses and upholstered items, choosing those made from natural materials or those with low-VOC finishes helps avoid a major source of chemical release.