Neck pain has emerged as a symptom associated with COVID-19, adding to the wide array of manifestations observed with the illness. While many symptoms like fever and cough are widely recognized, the connection between neck pain and COVID-19 is less commonly understood. This article aims to clarify the relationship, prevalence, and characteristics of neck pain in the context of a COVID-19 infection. It also provides guidance on when it is appropriate to seek medical advice for this symptom.
Neck Pain as a COVID-19 Symptom
Neck pain is a reported symptom of COVID-19, often stemming from the generalized muscle aches and joint pain (myalgia) that the virus can cause. Myalgia is a common feature of COVID-19 and can affect any body muscle, including the neck, shoulders, and back. A 2020 literature review indicated that between 11% and 62.5% of people with COVID-19 experienced muscle pain and soreness, with 10% to 15% reporting joint pain.
The pain is often described as stiffness, soreness, or a dull ache. It typically appears alongside other common COVID-19 symptoms and usually resolves as the infection clears. Research suggests that neck pain can be a symptom across different variants of the virus. A 2022 study comparing the Delta and Omicron variants found similar rates of joint and muscle pain, with over 30% of people reporting muscle aches and more than 40% reporting joint pain.
The mechanisms behind COVID-19-related muscle pain, including neck pain, are believed to involve the body’s immune response. The virus can bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in muscles, which may directly lead to soreness. Additionally, the inflammation triggered by the immune system fighting the infection can cause widespread muscle pain. This inflammatory response can make the body feel as though it has a rheumatic-like condition. While muscle pain is more frequently observed in severe cases, it can also occur in mild infections.
Understanding Neck Pain in the Context of COVID-19
Neck pain alone is unlikely to be the sole indicator of a COVID-19 infection. It commonly presents alongside other defining symptoms of the illness. These include fever or chills, cough, fatigue, headache, and loss of taste or smell. Other symptoms include a sore throat, congestion, runny nose, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
These additional symptoms help differentiate COVID-19-related neck pain from other causes. For instance, if neck pain is accompanied by fever, persistent cough, and unusual fatigue, it increases the likelihood of a COVID-19 connection. The pain typically manifests as a generalized muscle ache, rather than being localized to a specific injury. While an inflammatory response is a primary cause, prolonged bed rest during illness can also indirectly contribute to muscle stiffness and soreness in the neck. When neck pain occurs alongside the characteristic set of COVID-19 symptoms, it is more likely to be a direct manifestation of the viral infection.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Seeking medical attention for neck pain related to COVID-19 is advisable under certain circumstances. If neck pain is severe, persistent, or worsening, especially if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, a healthcare professional should be consulted. A very stiff neck combined with changes in thinking or perception could indicate a more serious complication, such as meningitis, and warrants immediate emergency care.
If a COVID-19 infection is suspected due to the presence of multiple symptoms, including neck pain, testing for the virus is recommended. General symptom management for mild COVID-19 symptoms, including neck pain, often involves rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, if appropriate. Applying heat or cold to the affected area and gentle stretches may also help alleviate discomfort. This information is for general understanding and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a doctor for personalized guidance regarding your health concerns.