Myofunctional therapy is a therapeutic approach focused on the muscles of the face, tongue, and mouth. This non-invasive method aims to retrain these orofacial muscles to function more appropriately. This article explores myofunctional therapy, its applications, the research supporting its efficacy, and guidance on selecting a qualified practitioner.
Understanding Myofunctional Therapy
Myofunctional therapy involves a program of exercises designed to improve the function and coordination of the oral and facial muscles. It targets the tongue, lips, and cheeks, aiming to establish proper muscle memory and resting postures. This approach is often described as physical therapy for the orofacial complex.
Treatment typically involves specific exercises performed consistently each day, such as tongue pushes against the palate or movements to strengthen lip closure. Patients are usually guided through these movements by a therapist, with the goal of integrating correct patterns into daily habits like breathing, swallowing, and speaking. The duration of therapy varies by individual needs and goals, often requiring daily practice for several months to achieve lasting changes.
How Myofunctional Therapy Helps
Myofunctional therapy addresses orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs), which involve abnormal muscle patterns in the mouth and face. These disorders can affect various bodily functions and development. The therapy aims to correct these patterns, promoting optimal oral and facial function.
One primary area of focus is mouth breathing, where individuals habitually breathe through their mouth instead of their nose. Myofunctional therapy works to establish proper nasal breathing and a correct oral rest posture, where the tongue rests on the roof of the mouth and lips are sealed. It also helps with tongue thrust, a condition where the tongue pushes against or between the teeth during swallowing or at rest. Correcting this pattern can support dental alignment and speech clarity.
The therapy also improves malocclusion, which refers to misaligned teeth or an improper bite. By addressing underlying muscle imbalances, it can support orthodontic treatment outcomes and potentially reduce the need for extensive interventions. Individuals experiencing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, sleep-disordered breathing like snoring and sleep apnea, or difficulties with chewing and swallowing may also benefit.
The Evidence Behind Myofunctional Therapy
Scientific research supports the effectiveness of myofunctional therapy for several conditions. The most robust evidence exists for its role in treating sleep-disordered breathing, including snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Strengthening the orofacial muscles can help maintain airway patency during sleep, reducing symptoms.
Myofunctional therapy positively impacts tongue posture and reduces mouth breathing. By retraining the tongue to rest in the correct position and promoting nasal breathing, the therapy contributes to improved facial and jaw development, especially in children. Nasal breathing also offers benefits like air filtration and humidification.
For orthodontic patients, myofunctional therapy can be a supportive treatment. It helps stabilize orthodontic results by addressing muscle imbalances that could otherwise lead to relapse. The therapy can also improve speech disorders and swallowing difficulties by enhancing muscle coordination.
Choosing a Myofunctional Therapist
Selecting a qualified myofunctional therapist is an important step for individuals considering this therapy. Myofunctional therapy is typically provided by healthcare professionals such as dentists, dental hygienists, speech-language pathologists, or occupational therapists who have completed specialized training.
When seeking a therapist, look for recognized certifications from reputable organizations, such as the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM) or the Academy of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (AOMT). Experience in treating conditions similar to your own and positive patient reviews can also be helpful indicators. A comprehensive evaluation should be conducted to assess oral habits, muscle function, and airway adequacy, leading to an individualized treatment plan tailored to specific needs.