Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, which controls movement and involuntary bodily functions. A common inquiry is whether MSA can be passed down through families. This article clarifies the hereditary aspects of MSA and explores other contributing factors.
Understanding Multiple System Atrophy
MSA is characterized by the gradual loss of nerve cells in specific brain regions, including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brainstem. This cellular degeneration disrupts the body’s ability to coordinate movement and regulate autonomic functions. Symptoms often include issues with balance, slow or stiff movements, slurred speech, and difficulties with blood pressure regulation, bladder control, and digestion. The progression of these symptoms varies among individuals.
Is MSA Inherited?
Multiple System Atrophy is predominantly considered a sporadic condition, meaning it arises without a clear family history. The vast majority of MSA cases are not inherited from parents.
Despite its largely sporadic nature, extremely rare familial forms of MSA do exist, accounting for less than 1% of all cases. Research has identified certain gene mutations associated with these rare occurrences, such as variants in the COQ2 and SNCA genes. For instance, COQ2 mutations have been linked to MSA in people of Japanese descent, although this association has not been consistently found in other populations. Additionally, common variations in the SNCA gene have been associated with an increased risk of MSA in individuals of European descent. Even when these rare genetic links are present, the inheritance patterns can be complex and do not represent the typical presentation of MSA.
Exploring Risk Factors
Beyond direct inheritance, the most recognized non-genetic risk factor for sporadic MSA is age, with symptoms typically appearing in individuals in their 50s and 60s. While the exact cause of sporadic MSA remains unknown, ongoing research investigates potential environmental factors. Some studies have explored links to exposure to certain chemicals, metals, plastics, or pesticides, but conclusive evidence supporting these associations is still emerging.
Another area of investigation involves broader genetic susceptibility, where certain genes might increase an individual’s risk for sporadic MSA without directly causing the disease. For example, some studies suggest a connection between specific gene polymorphisms involved in inflammatory processes and an increased risk of developing MSA. Having rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder or other autonomic nervous system dysfunctions can also be considered risk factors. While research continues to uncover more about the interplay of genetic and environmental influences, MSA is currently understood to be a complex condition likely resulting from multiple interacting factors.