Morton’s toe is a common anatomical variation where the second toe appears longer than the big toe (hallux). This occurs because the first metatarsal bone, connected to the big toe, is shorter than the second metatarsal bone. It is important to distinguish Morton’s toe from Morton’s neuroma, a different condition involving nerve irritation in the foot.
Understanding Morton’s Toe
The condition is primarily a genetic trait. The metatarsal bones are the long bones in the midfoot that connect the toes to the ankle bones. Normally, the first metatarsal is the longest and thickest, bearing a significant portion of body weight during movement. When the first metatarsal is shorter, the weight distribution across the front of the foot can shift. This anatomical difference is present from birth.
Prevalence and Common Characteristics
Morton’s toe is a widespread foot variation, affecting a significant portion of the population. Estimates suggest its prevalence can range from 10% to 30% of individuals, with some studies indicating it could be as high as 42.2%. For many, having Morton’s toe is a benign characteristic that causes no discomfort or functional issues.
Beyond the noticeable length difference of the second toe, other visual characteristics are generally not present. The foot appears typical, and individuals often live without awareness of this trait unless it is pointed out. The condition does not indicate a deformity or a medical problem, but rather a common variation in human anatomy.
Potential Symptoms and Related Concerns
While often asymptomatic, Morton’s toe can lead to issues for some individuals due to altered weight distribution. The shortened first metatarsal can cause increased pressure on the head of the second metatarsal bone during activities like walking or standing. This increased pressure may result in pain at the base of the second toe, known as metatarsalgia.
Individuals may also develop calluses or corns on the ball of the foot, particularly under the second toe, as a response to concentrated friction and pressure. The imbalance can contribute to other foot conditions, including hammertoes, where the toe bends abnormally at the middle joint, or even ingrown toenails. These symptoms are not universal, and many with Morton’s toe never experience any discomfort.
Addressing Discomfort and Seeking Support
For those who experience discomfort from Morton’s toe, several conservative approaches can help manage symptoms. Selecting appropriate footwear is an important step; shoes with a wide and deep toe box can accommodate the longer second toe and reduce pressure. Avoiding shoes with pointy or narrow toe areas can also prevent pain and complications.
Orthotic inserts, particularly those with metatarsal pads, can redistribute pressure more evenly across the forefoot, lessening the load on the second metatarsal. Gentle stretching exercises for the foot may also provide relief. If pain persists, becomes severe, or significantly impacts daily activities, consulting a healthcare professional like a podiatrist is advisable for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment.