The Monstera deliciosa, commonly known as the Swiss Cheese Plant, is a popular houseplant. Its presence in a home with infants or toddlers introduces a risk. All parts of the plant, if chewed or ingested, are considered toxic to both humans and pets. This toxicity is generally mild but causes an immediate, intense reaction, making the plant unsafe for curious young children.
Why Monstera is Dangerous
The danger of the Monstera plant lies in the microscopic structures found throughout its leaves, stems, and roots. These structures are bundles of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, specifically needle-shaped crystals called raphides. These crystals are contained within specialized cells that release their contents when the plant tissue is chewed or damaged.
Upon contact, the sharp, needle-like crystals mechanically pierce the sensitive mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract. This physical irritation triggers an immediate, painful inflammatory response in the tissues. The reaction is similar to being pricked by hundreds of tiny, sharp objects, which accounts for the rapid onset of symptoms.
Because the crystals are insoluble, the toxic effects are localized rather than systemic. The intense, immediate pain typically prevents a child from ingesting a large, life-threatening amount of the plant material.
Signs of Exposure in Infants
Symptoms of exposure to Monstera are immediate and highly localized to the mouth and surrounding areas. The first sign is often an intense burning sensation or localized pain in the mouth, lips, and tongue. This instantaneous discomfort usually causes a baby or toddler to stop chewing the plant.
Caregivers will likely notice significant swelling of the oral tissues, including the lips, tongue, and inside the mouth. This swelling can quickly lead to difficulty swallowing. Excessive drooling is another common symptom as the child attempts to soothe the irritated tissues.
Gagging or vomiting may occur as the body attempts to expel the irritating material. If the swelling affects the back of the throat or airway, it could potentially cause difficulty breathing, requiring immediate emergency intervention. Caregivers should monitor closely for signs of respiratory distress.
Emergency Response and Safety Measures
If a child is suspected of chewing on a Monstera leaf or stem, remain calm and immediately remove any remaining plant material from their mouth. Gently wipe the inside of the child’s mouth with a cool, wet cloth to help dislodge any residual crystals from the soft tissues. Offer the child cool liquids, such as milk or water, as the cold temperature can help soothe the burning sensation.
After initial first aid, contact the national Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222 for professional medical guidance. A specialist can advise on necessary next steps and monitor for the development of more severe symptoms. Seek emergency medical attention by calling 911 if the child is having difficulty breathing or swallowing.
Prevention
Prevention is the most effective safety measure for households with young children. Monstera plants should be placed completely out of reach, such as on high, secured shelves or in rooms that can be locked or gated off. Caregivers should also be vigilant about cleaning up dropped leaves or pruned pieces immediately, as these still contain the toxic crystals.