The question of whether Monstera deliciosa is a Philodendron is a frequent inquiry among houseplant enthusiasts. The definitive answer is no; Monstera deliciosa is not a species of Philodendron. While they share a similar dramatic, tropical appearance and are often grouped together, they belong to two separate groups in the scientific hierarchy. This distinction is based on specific botanical characteristics that place them into different genera, despite their superficial resemblance.
The Definitive Answer: Separate Genera, Shared Family
The confusion stems from their placement within the overarching plant family known as Araceae, commonly called the Aroid family. This family includes many popular houseplants that share similar flower structures and toxic calcium oxalate crystals. Both Monstera and Philodendron are distinct genera within this large family, meaning they are related branches on the same family tree.
The genus Monstera contains over 40 species, with Monstera deliciosa being the most recognized for its large, perforated leaves. Conversely, the genus Philodendron is much larger and highly diverse, encompassing hundreds of species. Their relationship is similar to that between a lion and a housecat: both are Felidae (same family) but belong to different genera. The scientific name, Monstera deliciosa, accurately places the plant within its own distinct genus, separating it from all plants in the Philodendron genus.
Why the Common Confusion Persists
The primary source of misidentification is the common name “Split-Leaf Philodendron,” frequently used for Monstera deliciosa in the horticultural trade. This name is misleading because true Philodendron species also exist with deeply lobed or split leaves. The use of interchangeable common names by retailers often prioritizes market recognition over correct botanical classification.
The juvenile forms of both Monstera deliciosa and many large-leaf Philodendron species look remarkably similar. When young, Monstera deliciosa leaves are entire, lacking the characteristic holes and splits, appearing as simple, heart-shaped foliage. This lack of fenestration in immature plants makes them nearly indistinguishable from young Philodendron species. Both types also thrive in similar tropical conditions, requiring warm temperatures and indirect light, which contributes to the perception that they are the same plant.
Key Distinctions for Identification
The most apparent difference between the two genera lies in the mature leaf structure, specifically the presence of fenestrations (holes). Monstera deliciosa leaves develop both splits extending to the margin and distinct, isolated holes within the leaf tissue. While some Philodendron species have deeply lobed or split leaves, they do not produce these fully enclosed holes in the leaf lamina.
Another reliable distinguishing feature is how new leaves emerge from the stem, involving a structure called a cataphyll. New Philodendron leaves emerge from a protective, modified leaf sheath (cataphyll) that typically dries up or remains as a papery husk. In contrast, new Monstera leaves simply unfurl from the previous leaf’s petiole, without producing a distinct cataphyll sheath.
The natural growth habit also offers a clue, though both are climbers in the wild. Monstera deliciosa is a hemiepiphyte, meaning it starts life on the ground, climbs a host tree, and often loses its connection to the soil. Philodendron species exhibit a wider range of growth forms, including climbing vines and non-climbing, self-heading types. The aerial roots on Monstera are thick and fibrous for support, while Philodendron aerial roots are often more efficient at grabbing onto surfaces to climb.