Monstera is not a succulent. Monstera species belong to a different biological classification and evolved in a radically different environment than true succulents. Understanding this distinction between a tropical vine and a desert-adapted plant is essential for providing correct care. Their dramatic differences in native habitats dictate that their needs for water, light, and humidity are nearly opposite.
Defining the Succulent Category
Succulents are plants characterized by specialized adaptations for surviving in arid or semi-arid environments. Their primary defining trait is the presence of thickened, fleshy parts used to retain water. This water is stored in the leaves, stems, or roots, giving these plants their characteristic plump appearance.
Many succulents utilize a unique photosynthetic process called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM photosynthesis). This adaptation allows them to open their stomata, the pores used for gas exchange, only at night when temperatures are cooler. They store carbon dioxide until daylight to complete photosynthesis, significantly conserving water during the hot day. This strategy is a direct response to drought stress, which Monstera is not adapted to endure.
The Botanical Identity of Monstera
The plant commonly known as Monstera, such as Monstera deliciosa, is a member of the Araceae family (the aroid family). These plants are native to the humid, tropical rainforests stretching from Southern Mexico down to Panama. Monstera is a hemiepiphyte, meaning it begins its life on the forest floor and then climbs up supporting trees.
Monstera uses specialized aerial roots to anchor itself to tree trunks and absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. This growth habit, seeking light by climbing through the dense canopy, requires a consistently moist and warm environment. The plant’s large, thin leaves with their iconic splits (fenestrations) are designed for capturing dappled light. They allow wind to pass through without tearing the foliage, unlike the thickened leaves of a succulent.
Care Requirements: Tropical vs. Arid
The contrasting botanical identities translate directly into opposing care requirements. Succulents require infrequent watering, as their internal water stores allow them to tolerate long periods of dry soil. They thrive in porous, sandy soil that drains almost instantly, and many prefer direct, intense sunlight.
Monstera, conversely, requires consistently moist conditions that mimic its rainforest origins. The soil should be a rich, well-draining mix that allows the top inch or two to dry out between waterings, but never become completely parched. Monstera thrives in high humidity (ideally above 60%) and prefers bright, indirect light. Direct, harsh sun can easily scorch its thin leaf tissue. Using the infrequent watering schedule of a succulent will quickly lead to a dehydrated and failing Monstera.