Mineral spirits are a common petroleum-based solvent used for thinning oil-based paints, cleaning brushes, and degreasing surfaces. While effective, mineral spirits pose a toxicity risk if not handled with care. Understanding potential dangers and implementing safe handling practices is important for preventing adverse health effects.
How Mineral Spirits Affect the Body
Mineral spirits can enter the body through several routes. Inhaling the vapors is a common exposure pathway, where the chemical can irritate the respiratory system, causing discomfort in the throat and lungs. Higher concentrations or prolonged inhalation can depress the central nervous system, leading to effects such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and even unconsciousness.
Some formulations of mineral spirits have historically contained benzene, a substance linked to more severe health conditions with long-term exposure, though current regulations aim to reduce benzene content. Skin contact can dissolve natural skin oils, resulting in irritation, dryness, and even chemical burns or dermatitis with prolonged exposure. The chemical can also be absorbed through the skin, potentially contributing to systemic effects.
If mineral spirits are swallowed, the substance can irritate the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, leading to abdominal pain and vomiting. A significant danger with ingestion is aspiration, where the liquid enters the lungs, causing chemical pneumonitis, a severe inflammation that can impair lung function.
Eye contact causes immediate irritation, redness, pain, watering, and blurred vision.
Signs of Mineral Spirits Exposure
If vapors are inhaled, individuals might experience symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and dizziness. Other respiratory signs include coughing or a sore throat, while more severe inhalation can result in confusion, drowsiness, or even loss of consciousness due to central nervous system depression.
Upon skin contact, symptoms include redness, itching, and a burning sensation on the affected area. The skin may also become dry, cracked, or develop blisters if contact is prolonged or repeated.
If mineral spirits are ingested, symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by diarrhea. Aspiration into the lungs can manifest as coughing, choking, or difficulty breathing.
For eye exposure, signs include immediate redness, excessive tearing, pain, and blurred vision.
What to Do in Case of Exposure
If inhalation occurs, promptly move the affected individual to an area with fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult or stops, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.
For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin with soap and plenty of water for 15 to 20 minutes. Do not use ointments on damaged skin.
For eye contact, immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if easy to do so.
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, as this can lead to aspiration. Immediately contact poison control or emergency services. Have the product label or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) available for medical personnel.
Preventing Exposure
Preventing exposure to mineral spirits begins with ensuring adequate ventilation when using the product. Always work in a well-ventilated area, preferably outdoors or in a space with effective local exhaust ventilation, to minimize the buildup of hazardous vapors. This helps to keep airborne concentrations below recommended limits.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) creates a barrier between the chemical and the body. Chemical-resistant gloves, such as those made from nitrile or neoprene, should be worn to protect hands from direct contact. Eye protection, such as safety glasses with side shields or chemical goggles, is necessary to shield eyes from splashes or vapors. Additionally, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants can help prevent skin exposure.
Proper storage and disposal are also important for safety. Mineral spirits should be stored in their original, tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, open flames, and incompatible materials. Keeping the product out of reach of children and pets is also important.
When disposing of mineral spirits or materials contaminated with them, always follow local regulations for hazardous waste. Reading the product label and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before each use provides specific handling instructions and safety information.