Lungwort (Pulmonaria) is a desirable perennial known for its distinct spotted foliage and early spring flowers that transition from pink to blue or purple. It provides color in shaded areas before many other perennials bloom. A primary concern for gardeners selecting new plants is whether they will survive local deer populations.
The Deer Resistance Status
Lungwort is widely regarded as a highly dependable choice for gardens affected by deer. It is consistently included on lists of plants that these animals tend to avoid when other food sources are available. The plant’s natural defenses make it an unappealing option for browsing animals, which prefer tender and easily digestible foliage. Horticultural assessments, such as those from Rutgers University, rate Pulmonaria as “Rarely Damaged” by deer.
While no plant is completely immune, damage to Lungwort is uncommon. A deer may sample the plant out of desperation during periods of severe food scarcity. However, its characteristics mean it is quickly passed over in favor of softer, more palatable alternatives.
Why Deer Avoid Lungwort
Deer avoid Lungwort due to a combination of its physical texture and chemical makeup. The leaves are not smooth; they possess a coarse, rough, and slightly prickly surface. This texture is created by a covering of fine, bristly hairs, which makes the foliage unpleasant in the mouth of a deer. Deer generally prefer plants with a smooth, soft texture that is easier to chew and swallow.
The other deterrent is the plant’s flavor profile. Lungwort contains chemical compounds that impart a noticeably bitter taste, signaling that the plant is not a good food source. Even if a deer takes an initial bite, it is likely to quickly move on to a more appetizing option.
Ensuring Continued Protection
Gardeners can take steps to maintain the plant’s natural resistance and reduce the risk of rare browsing. Proper siting is beneficial; placing the plant near areas of heavy deer traffic may increase the chance of exploratory nibbling. Ensuring the Lungwort is healthy and established through consistent moisture and rich soil helps it maintain robust foliage, maximizing its inherent defenses.
Companion planting is also effective; place the Lungwort near strongly scented, deer-resistant herbs like lavender or Russian sage. The strong odors from these nearby plants can help mask the subtle scent of the Lungwort, further deterring passing deer. Young plants or new spring growth, which may have less developed bristly hairs, can be slightly more vulnerable until they mature.