Lower back pain can be a symptom of COVID-19. This article explores the connection between COVID-19 and lower back pain, examining its prevalence, potential causes, and how it might differ from other types of back discomfort.
Back Pain as a COVID-19 Symptom
Lower back pain can indeed manifest as a symptom of COVID-19. Muscle aches and body pain, medically known as myalgia, are common with many viral infections, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus is no different. Studies indicate that pain, including back pain, was frequently reported by individuals with COVID-19. For instance, one 2020 study observed that nearly 70% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients experienced some form of pain, with over 43% specifically reporting back pain.
Back pain has been noted as one of the top symptoms in the early stages of the illness, sometimes appearing before typical respiratory symptoms. It was identified as the fifth most prevalent symptom within the first month of infection. While both upper and lower back pain can occur, lower back pain was particularly associated with the Omicron variant. This discomfort is often described as a deep, persistent ache that may not be relieved by changes in posture.
How COVID-19 Can Cause Back Pain
COVID-19 back pain often stems from the body’s immune response to the viral infection. When the SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body, it triggers a systemic inflammatory reaction, releasing pro-inflammatory chemicals called cytokines. This widespread inflammation can lead to muscle pain and body aches, including discomfort felt in the back. The virus can also enter cells through ACE2 receptors, found in muscle tissue, potentially causing direct muscle involvement and pain.
Beyond direct viral effects and immune response, other factors during a COVID-19 infection can contribute to back pain. Persistent or severe coughing, a common COVID-19 symptom, can strain back muscles, particularly the upper back. Periods of prolonged immobility or bed rest due to illness can also lead to muscle deconditioning and cramping, which may result in or worsen back discomfort.
Differentiating COVID-Related Back Pain
Back pain is a common ailment that can arise from numerous causes, making it important to consider other factors when assessing its connection to COVID-19. Back pain related to COVID-19 typically occurs with other characteristic symptoms of the infection. These often include fever, cough, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and sometimes loss of taste or smell. Experiencing back pain in isolation, without other common COVID-19 symptoms, is generally not a strong indicator of the viral illness.
The pandemic itself introduced lifestyle changes that may have independently contributed to increased back pain among the general population. Factors such as reduced physical activity, working from home with suboptimal ergonomic setups, and increased sedentary time can all lead to musculoskeletal discomfort. The only definitive way to determine if your back pain is due to COVID-19 is through a diagnostic test.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience lower back pain, especially if you suspect it’s related to COVID-19, knowing when to seek medical advice is important. Contact a healthcare provider if your back pain is severe, persistent, or progressively worsens. Also, look for concerning symptoms such as pain with numbness or weakness in your legs, loss of bowel or bladder control, or unexplained weight loss, as these may indicate more serious conditions.
If your back pain began after a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and does not improve after a few weeks, consult your doctor or a physical therapist. While mild aches can often be managed with rest and over-the-counter pain relievers, professional guidance ensures proper diagnosis and tailored treatment. Always seek immediate medical attention if you experience trouble breathing, persistent chest pain, or new confusion alongside your back pain, as these are signs of a medical emergency.