MSM is a naturally occurring organic sulfur compound often taken as a dietary supplement for joint health and inflammation. Liquid MSM, specifically in eye drop form, is discussed online, driven largely by anecdotal claims. Applying any non-pharmaceutical liquid directly to the eye is a serious matter, and the safety of liquid MSM for ocular use is highly controversial. This article investigates the scientific standing and potential dangers associated with applying this compound to the eye.
What is MSM and Its Proposed Use in Eye Care
MSM is an organosulfur compound chemically related to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and is a source of biologically active sulfur. Advocates suggest it offers benefits when applied directly to the eye for various chronic conditions. It is sometimes included in eye drop formulations due to its purported ability to increase cell membrane permeability, theoretically aiding nutrient absorption and metabolic byproduct removal.
This mechanism is claimed to help with dry eye, where its anti-inflammatory action could alleviate irritation and redness. For eye floaters (clumps of protein in the vitreous humor), the theory suggests MSM could help soften or dissolve these protein strands. Proponents also claim its antioxidant properties could protect lens proteins from oxidative damage related to cataracts. These applications are based on theoretical mechanisms and user testimonials rather than established medical evidence.
Clinical Evidence and Safety Concerns
There is a lack of large-scale clinical trials supporting the efficacy or long-term safety of liquid MSM for treating specific eye conditions. Products containing MSM for ophthalmic use are considered unapproved and are illegally marketed in the United States. The absence of regulatory approval reflects a gap in scientific data regarding its clinical benefit and safety profile.
Immediate adverse reactions can occur upon application, such as stinging, burning, or redness, especially with non-standardized concentrations. More concerning is the high risk of contamination associated with non-sterile preparation, which has led to serious public health warnings. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warnings and facilitated recalls for multiple brands of MSM eye drops after testing revealed contamination with dangerous microbes.
Testing has identified bacterial and fungal contaminants in commercial products, including Bacillus species and Exophiala fungi. Introducing a non-sterile liquid into the eye bypasses natural defenses and can lead to a vision-threatening infection. Such infections can progress rapidly, potentially causing permanent vision loss or even becoming life-threatening. A case study also suggests that oral MSM supplementation may trigger acute angle closure, a painful and sudden increase in eye pressure, indicating specific adverse effects on ocular structures.
Navigating Ocular Risks and Professional Guidance
Consumers must distinguish between unapproved commercial MSM eye drops and solutions prepared at home or by non-pharmaceutical compounders. While commercial drops have been recalled for failed sterility, homemade solutions carry a greater, unquantifiable risk regarding purity, concentration, and sterility. Any topical solution for the eye must be sterile, a condition impossible to guarantee outside of a certified pharmaceutical facility.
Using non-sterile or unapproved solutions introduces the risk of severe ocular infection, which is a medical emergency. Symptoms such as persistent pain, sudden changes in vision, discharge, or increased redness require immediate consultation with an eye care professional. These symptoms indicate a potential infection requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment, which may include prescription antibiotics or antifungals.
Consulting with an ophthalmologist or optometrist is recommended before initiating any new treatment for an ocular condition. For common issues like dry eyes, established, clinically proven alternatives such as preservative-free artificial tears, prescription anti-inflammatory drops, or punctal plugs are available and regulated. Relying on unapproved substances like liquid MSM delays appropriate care and exposes the eyes to severe risks.