Levocetirizine is an antihistamine medication that alleviates symptoms associated with various allergic reactions. It functions by targeting and blocking the effects of histamine, a natural substance produced by the body that triggers allergy symptoms. This action helps reduce discomfort from allergic responses.
Levocetirizine’s Availability and Uses
Levocetirizine, known by the brand name Xyzal, is available both over-the-counter (OTC) and by prescription. While OTC versions offer a standard dose, higher strengths or specific formulations may require a prescription. This medication is classified as a second-generation antihistamine, generally causing less drowsiness than older antihistamines.
It commonly treats allergy symptoms from seasonal and perennial (year-round) allergies, including hay fever. These symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, and an itchy throat or nose. Levocetirizine also provides relief for chronic idiopathic urticaria, which presents as hives and skin itching with no clear cause. Its mechanism involves blocking histamine H1 receptors, which are responsible for many allergic reactions.
Administering Levocetirizine
Levocetirizine is taken once daily, often in the evening, and can be administered with or without food. For adults and children 12 years and older, a common dosage is a 5-milligram tablet. Children aged 6 to 11 years typically take 2.5 milligrams once daily in the evening.
The medication is available in various forms, including oral tablets and oral solutions. When using the oral solution, it is important to accurately measure the dose using a dosing syringe or a medicine dose-measuring device, rather than a kitchen spoon. Adhering to the directions on the package for OTC products or a healthcare professional’s instructions for prescription versions is important to ensure effective and safe use.
Understanding Side Effects and Warnings
Common side effects include drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, and a sore throat. Other side effects may include headaches, dizziness, or gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In children, side effects like irritability or hyperactivity have been reported.
Caution is advised with activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, due to potential drowsiness. Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase central nervous system depression and worsen side effects like dizziness and impaired concentration. Individuals with kidney disease should consult a healthcare professional before use, as dose adjustments may be necessary. Additionally, the medication can potentially worsen urinary retention in some patients.
Comparing Antihistamines
Levocetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine, similar to cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and loratadine (Claritin). Levocetirizine shows high potency and often a faster onset of action compared to some other antihistamines like loratadine. While cetirizine provides strong symptom relief, it may cause drowsiness in a higher percentage of users (around 10-15%).
Fexofenadine is considered the least sedating option among these second-generation antihistamines, suitable for those needing to maintain alertness. However, it may offer slightly less powerful symptom control for some. Loratadine typically has a slower onset of action compared to levocetirizine and fexofenadine. The choice among these medications often depends on individual response, potential for drowsiness, and specific symptom profiles.