Bariatric surgery involves medical procedures for severe obesity and significant weight loss. They modify the digestive system to reduce food intake and/or nutrient absorption. These procedures are generally considered when diet and exercise alone have not been effective in managing obesity and related health conditions.
The Adjustable Gastric Band
The Adjustable Gastric Band, often referred to as Lap Band, involves placing a silicone band around the upper stomach. This inflatable device creates a small pouch, limiting food intake. The band effectively forms an hourglass shape in the stomach, slowing the passage of food from the small upper pouch to the lower stomach.
The band is connected to a port placed just under the skin, allowing for adjustments after surgery. Medical professionals can inject or remove saline solution through this port to tighten or loosen the band, controlling the restriction level. This adjustability allows the procedure to be tailored and is considered reversible, as the band can be removed.
The Sleeve Gastrectomy
The Sleeve Gastrectomy, or Gastric Sleeve surgery, involves the removal of a large portion of the stomach. Approximately 75% to 85% of the stomach is surgically removed, leaving behind a narrow, tube-shaped “sleeve” that resembles a banana. This reduction limits food intake.
Beyond restricting food intake, the removal of a specific part of the stomach, called the fundus, impacts hunger-regulating hormones. The fundus produces ghrelin, often referred to as the “hunger hormone,” so its removal can lead to reduced appetite. Unlike the adjustable gastric band, this procedure is permanent and irreversible.
Comparing the Procedures
The Adjustable Gastric Band and the Sleeve Gastrectomy differ significantly in their approach to weight loss and their impact on the digestive system. The Lap Band primarily functions as a restrictive procedure, limiting food intake by creating a smaller stomach pouch. Its mechanism is purely mechanical, not altering stomach anatomy beyond band placement.
Conversely, the Sleeve Gastrectomy works through both restriction and hormonal changes. Removing a substantial part of the stomach reduces food capacity and decreases ghrelin production, influencing appetite. This anatomical alteration is permanent.
Permanence and adjustability are key distinctions. The Lap Band is a reversible procedure; the band can be loosened, tightened, or removed. This requires regular follow-up visits for adjustments. The Sleeve Gastrectomy is irreversible. While the sleeve cannot be adjusted, it typically leads to more significant and faster weight loss compared to the band.
Shared Goals in Weight Loss Surgery
Both procedures assist individuals with severe obesity in achieving significant and sustained weight loss. They both aim to reduce food intake and promote fullness with smaller portions, decreasing overall calorie consumption. Long-term success with either procedure depends on a commitment to substantial lifestyle changes. This includes a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and behavioral adjustments. Patients must adhere to a monitored diet and often need vitamin and mineral supplements to avoid deficiencies.