Lake Okeechobee, often called Florida’s “inland sea,” is a prominent body of water in Florida. Its size and central location in South Florida often lead to questions about its nature. Many wonder if this vast lake is freshwater or saltwater, given Florida’s extensive coastline. This article clarifies its water type.
Unveiling Its Water Type
Lake Okeechobee is a freshwater lake. Its water sources are entirely terrestrial, originating from rainfall and a network of rivers and tributaries. The Kissimmee River, flowing from the north, serves as the lake’s primary inflow, contributing more than 60% of its water. Other sources include Fisheating Creek, Lake Istokpoga, and Taylor Creek.
The lake lacks any direct connection to the ocean that would permit saltwater intrusion. Its salinity remains extremely low. Only freshwater species can survive in the lake.
A Freshwater Colossus Defined
Lake Okeechobee is the second-largest natural freshwater lake contained entirely within the contiguous United States, surpassed only by Lake Michigan. It spans an impressive surface area of approximately 730 square miles (320,278 acres).
Despite its vast horizontal expanse, the lake is remarkably shallow, with an average depth of only nine feet. Its maximum depth typically reaches around 12 to 13 feet. This unique combination of large surface area and shallow depth shapes its freshwater ecosystem. The lake supports a diverse array of freshwater flora and fauna. Over 40 native fish species thrive here, including economically significant populations of largemouth bass, black crappie, and catfish.
The lake’s environment also provides habitat for numerous reptiles and birds, such as alligators, various wading birds, waterfowl, and species like the American Bald Eagle. Submerged aquatic vegetation, including southern naiad and Illinois pondweed, forms an important part of the lake’s plant communities.
Vital Role in Florida’s Ecosystem
Lake Okeechobee is an important resource for South Florida. It serves as a primary water supply for agricultural irrigation, supporting a substantial industry that cultivates crops like sugarcane. The lake also provides water for numerous municipalities and acts as a backup water source for the Lower East Coast of Florida.
Its role in regional flood control is significant. It is encircled by the 143-mile Herbert Hoover Dike, a system that manages water levels and protects surrounding communities from flooding. This system helps regulate water flow, particularly during heavy rainfall.
Historically, Lake Okeechobee was the “liquid heart” of the Everglades watershed, naturally overflowing into the “River of Grass” to the south. Today, while its outflows are managed, the lake continues to supply water to the Everglades ecosystem. This connection is integral to maintaining the balance of this wetland.