Lake Hartwell, a reservoir spanning South Carolina and Georgia, was formed by the Hartwell Dam in 1962. Encompassing nearly 56,000 acres with over 960 miles of shoreline, it attracts millions annually for recreation and serves as a natural resource. The lake supports a diverse ecosystem and provides drinking water, leading to questions about its cleanliness and safety.
Current Water Quality
Lake Hartwell generally exhibits good water quality, suitable for recreational activities like swimming, fishing, and boating. Its waters are often clear, though conditions can fluctuate seasonally and by location, with specific concerns occasionally arising.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), are a recurring issue, especially during warmer, drier months. These blooms appear as bright green or blue-green discoloration, often in coves and along the shore. When observed, SCDES issues recreational water watches, advising the public to avoid contact with affected water and keep pets away. While toxin-producing species are present, detected toxin levels typically remain below recreational advisory limits.
Most fish from Lake Hartwell are safe to eat. However, advisories exist for specific species due to potential mercury levels; for instance, pregnant women and children should limit intake of Flathead Catfish and larger Hybrid Striped Bass. Largemouth Bass and Crappie are generally safe for consumption. Regular checks of local environmental agency guidelines are recommended for current advisories.
Influences on Water Quality
Lake Hartwell’s water quality is shaped by natural processes and human activities within its watershed. Natural factors like rainfall patterns increase runoff into the lake. Warmer water temperatures also contribute to cyanobacteria proliferation and harmful algal blooms.
Human activities, particularly non-point source pollution, impact the lake. Stormwater runoff from agricultural lands introduces nutrients and pesticides into waterways. Urban development and residential properties contribute runoff, carrying fertilizers, pet waste, and sediment. Failing septic systems near the shoreline also release pollutants. These excess nutrients drive algal bloom growth, which can deplete oxygen and affect aquatic life.
Monitoring and Conservation
Maintaining Lake Hartwell’s cleanliness involves consistent monitoring and conservation efforts by various agencies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) manages the dam and lake, contributing to water quality management. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDES) conducts regular water quality testing, monitoring for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
Conservation programs and initiatives preserve the lake’s health. Organizations like the Lake Hartwell Partners for Clean Water (LHPCW) and the Lake Hartwell Association (LHA) coordinate efforts to protect the lake. These groups engage in shoreline clean-ups and advocate for water quality improvements. Official water quality reports and advisories are accessible through agency websites like SCDES and USACE.
Community Involvement
Individual actions and community participation are integral to preserving Lake Hartwell’s water quality. Residents and visitors can contribute by properly disposing of waste and participating in organized clean-up events. Organizations like the Lake Hartwell Partners for Clean Water frequently host clean-ups, removing debris from shorelines and islands.
Minimizing fertilizer use on lawns, especially near the lake, reduces nutrient runoff that fuels algal growth. Properly managing pet waste prevents harmful bacteria and nutrients from entering the watershed. Regularly maintaining residential septic systems also prevents pollution. Adopting these practices collectively contributes to Lake Hartwell’s ongoing health and cleanliness.