Eczema, a common skin condition, manifests as dry, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin. It is a chronic condition that can significantly impact daily life. Lactic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), has gained attention in skincare for its potential benefits. This article explores how lactic acid interacts with the skin, particularly concerning the management of eczema.
Understanding Eczema
Eczema, often referred to as atopic dermatitis, is a long-lasting skin condition characterized by dry skin, intense itching, redness, and inflammation. Individuals may experience rashes, bumps, and areas of thickened, scaly, or crusty skin. Symptoms often flare periodically.
Eczema results from a complex interplay of factors, including a compromised skin barrier. This barrier normally retains moisture and blocks irritants; in eczema, it weakens, allowing moisture loss and substance penetration, leading to irritation and inflammation. Genetic predispositions contribute to this less effective barrier. The immune system may also overreact to minor irritants, triggering inflammation. Environmental triggers like harsh soaps, certain fabrics, pollutants, temperature changes, and stress can further worsen symptoms.
Lactic Acid’s Role in Skin Health
Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) commonly found in skincare products. It is naturally present in dairy products and fermented sugars. It is known for its dual action in promoting healthy skin.
One primary function of lactic acid is gentle exfoliation. It works by dissolving bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed more easily. This process improves skin texture. Lactic acid is considered milder than other AHAs due to its larger molecular size, resulting in slower and less deep penetration.
Beyond exfoliation, lactic acid also possesses humectant properties, attracting moisture to the skin. This contributes to improved skin hydration. Lactic acid is also a component of the skin’s natural moisturizing factor (NMF), which helps the skin retain water and maintain its barrier function.
Lactic Acid for Eczema Management
Lactic acid offers benefits for eczema management. Its humectant nature addresses the dryness associated with eczema. By drawing moisture into the skin, it provides hydration to the compromised skin barrier.
Lactic acid supports the skin’s natural moisturizing factor, strengthening the weakened skin barrier in eczema. A stronger barrier prevents excessive water loss and protects against irritants and allergens that trigger flare-ups. Its gentle exfoliating action helps remove dry, flaky patches common in eczema without causing irritation.
Lactic acid also helps maintain the skin’s slightly acidic pH balance. A healthy skin pH is important for optimal skin barrier function and its protective enzymes, often disrupted in eczema-prone skin. By supporting these aspects, lactic acid can help soothe and improve eczematous skin.
Safe Application and Important Considerations
Careful product selection is important when considering lactic acid for eczema. Opt for products specifically formulated for sensitive or eczema-prone skin, indicated by lower concentrations of lactic acid. Avoid products containing fragrances, dyes, or other common irritants that could worsen eczema symptoms.
Before applying a new lactic acid product, perform a patch test on a small skin area. This assesses for adverse reactions like redness or irritation. Start with infrequent application, gradually increasing usage as your skin tolerates it. Discontinue use if persistent tingling, redness, or discomfort occurs.
AHAs like lactic acid can increase sun sensitivity. Therefore, daily application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen is recommended when using these products. For severe eczema, or if symptoms worsen or do not improve with over-the-counter treatments, seeking guidance from a dermatologist is advisable. They can provide recommendations and ensure safe integration into an eczema management routine.