Vaseline is the brand name for a highly refined form of petroleum jelly, a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons that functions as an occlusive barrier. While primarily used in cosmetics and skincare for its protective properties, some individuals apply it to their teeth for cosmetic effect. This practice raises questions about the immediate and long-term safety of applying a non-food-grade, oil-based substance in the mouth. Determining if this is a safe practice requires understanding the motivations and potential health implications based on current medical and dental knowledge.
The Reasons for Applying Vaseline to Teeth
Applying a thin film of petroleum jelly to the teeth is almost exclusively cosmetic or performance-related, often seen in modeling, public speaking, or beauty pageants. Its primary function is to create a slick surface that prevents substances like lipstick from sticking to the front teeth during long events or photoshoots. The application also provides a temporary, glossy sheen, creating the illusion of a brighter smile under stage lights or cameras. Additionally, some use it as a temporary shield against discoloration from highly pigmented drinks or to reduce friction for individuals with orthodontic appliances.
Immediate Safety and Ingestion Concerns
Petroleum jelly is chemically inert and generally considered non-toxic when consumed in small amounts. Since the substance is poorly absorbed by the body, minor, accidental ingestion from applying it to the teeth is unlikely to cause acute poisoning. Swallowing a small amount may cause temporary gastrointestinal discomfort or act as a mild laxative, but it is not approved for regular internal consumption.
Risk of Aspiration
A more significant concern is the risk of aspiration, which occurs when foreign material is inhaled into the lungs. Because petroleum jelly is oil-based and non-water-soluble, inhaling even tiny droplets can lead to lipoid pneumonia. The body struggles to break down the oil, allowing it to accumulate in the lung tissue and potentially cause serious respiratory symptoms. Applying a thick, greasy substance near the airway carries a small but serious risk, especially for those with existing swallowing or respiratory challenges.
Specific Dental and Oral Health Risks
While petroleum jelly does not chemically damage dental enamel, its occlusive nature creates an environment harmful to long-term oral health. The thick, greasy film traps existing plaque, food particles, and oral bacteria against the tooth surface. This barrier impedes the natural self-cleaning mechanisms of saliva flow, which normally neutralizes acids and washes away debris. Prolonged contact between acid-producing bacteria and the enamel accelerates demineralization and decay.
Risk of Plaque Buildup
Increased plaque buildup can quickly lead to gingival irritation and gingivitis. Applying the jelly near the gum line is problematic as it exacerbates inflammation of the gingival tissue. Since the water-resistant film is difficult to remove, meticulous and immediate brushing and flossing are necessary after use to prevent bacterial biofilm accumulation.
For a single, short-term cosmetic application, risks are minimal if the teeth are thoroughly cleaned immediately afterward. However, dental professionals strongly discourage regular or long-term use, as complications from poor hygiene outweigh any temporary aesthetic benefit. Petroleum jelly should not be considered a substitute for proper oral hygiene or professional dental care.