The decision to use cannabis products, which contain compounds like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), while experiencing an illness is complex. The interaction depends heavily on the specific illness, the method of consumption, and any other medications being taken. While cannabis may offer subjective relief, it also carries distinct health risks. This information serves as general guidance, and you should always consult a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
Altering the Experience of Illness
Cannabis may offer a shift in how a person perceives the discomfort associated with being sick. Both THC and CBD possess analgesic properties, which can help mitigate the general body aches and mild pain often accompanying a viral infection. Cannabinoids interact with pain receptors, leading some users to report feeling less miserable overall when dealing with flu-like symptoms.
A significant benefit reported by users is the management of gastrointestinal symptoms. THC is well-documented for its anti-emetic effects, suppressing feelings of nausea and reducing vomiting. This effect, along with appetite stimulation, can be particularly helpful for those struggling to eat and maintain caloric intake during an illness.
However, the psychoactive effects of cannabis can also exacerbate certain unpleasant symptoms. The fatigue and mental fog associated with an illness can be intensified by the sedative qualities of many strains. Furthermore, some people may experience increased anxiety or paranoia, worsening the overall feeling of vulnerability when sick. Dizziness is a common side effect, and combining it with lightheadedness from fever or dehydration can lead to greater instability and risk of falling.
Consumption Method and Respiratory Impact
The most critical safety consideration is the method of consumption, particularly when dealing with a respiratory illness like a cold, flu, or bronchitis. Inhaling cannabis through smoking or vaping introduces heat and particulate matter into the lungs and airways. This significantly irritates the already inflamed tissues of the throat and lungs, potentially worsening a cough and increasing congestion.
When the body is fighting a respiratory infection, the delicate lining of the lungs requires rest. Introducing smoke or vapor can obstruct this healing process. Some research suggests that exposure to cannabis smoke when infected may even increase viral levels in the lungs and slow recovery. Health experts advise against any form of inhalation, including vaping, when lung function is compromised.
Alternatives that bypass the respiratory system, such as edibles, tinctures, or oils, are the recommended choice. These non-inhaled methods eliminate physical irritation to the airways. This reduces the risk of exacerbating symptoms like a sore throat or persistent cough.
Interactions with Over-the-Counter Medications
Combining cannabis with common over-the-counter (OTC) cold and flu medications presents distinct pharmacological safety risks. Many multi-symptom cold remedies contain ingredients that can interact with cannabinoids, primarily by amplifying side effects. Both cannabis and common antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, cause sedation and drowsiness. Taking them together can dangerously increase dizziness and impair coordination and reaction time.
Another significant concern involves the liver’s metabolic pathways. Acetaminophen, the pain and fever reducer in products like Tylenol, is metabolized by liver enzymes. Both THC and CBD can influence these enzymes, potentially altering how the body processes the medication and increasing strain on the liver. Combining cannabis with large or frequent doses of acetaminophen, common in multi-symptom products, warrants caution.
Furthermore, some decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine, work by stimulating the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. THC can also cause a temporary elevation in heart rate. Combining these substances can lead to additive cardiovascular effects, increasing the potential for heart strain and nervousness.