Nosebleeds are a common and generally harmless symptom during pregnancy. While they might be alarming, these episodes do not indicate a serious health issue for either the pregnant person or the baby. Understanding why they happen and how to manage them can provide reassurance.
Why Nosebleeds Happen During Pregnancy
Nosebleeds during pregnancy result from physiological changes. Blood volume increases by as much as 50%, placing additional pressure on tiny blood vessels, including those in the nasal passages. This increased blood flow makes these delicate vessels more susceptible to bursting.
Hormonal shifts, particularly elevated estrogen and progesterone, also play a role. These hormones cause blood vessels to expand and nasal mucous membranes to swell and become more fragile. Dry air, common in certain environments or seasons, can also dry out nasal passages, making them more prone to irritation and bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While nosebleeds during pregnancy are often normal, certain signs indicate medical attention is necessary. Contact your healthcare provider if a nosebleed is very heavy and does not stop after 20 to 30 minutes of continuous direct pressure. Bleeding from other body areas, such as gums or rectum, or unusual bruising or tiny red spots on the skin (petechiae), also requires medical consultation.
Seek immediate medical help if nosebleeds are accompanied by dizziness, lightheadedness, disorientation, or fainting, as these could suggest significant blood loss. A nosebleed following a head injury, even if minor, requires urgent medical evaluation. If you experience a sudden onset of very frequent nosebleeds, or have concerns about your blood pressure, speak with your doctor.
Managing and Preventing Nosebleeds
Managing an active nosebleed can help stop the flow quickly. If a nosebleed occurs, sit down and lean slightly forward, keeping your head upright. Firmly pinch the soft part of your nose, just above the nostrils, for 10 to 15 minutes without releasing pressure. Breathing through your mouth helps drain blood forward and prevents it from going down your throat, which can cause nausea. Applying a cold compress to the bridge of your nose can also help constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.
To prevent future nosebleeds, keep nasal passages moist. Using a saline nasal spray or water-based nasal gel can help prevent dryness. Running a humidifier in your home, especially during dry seasons or arid climates, adds moisture to the air, keeping nasal membranes hydrated. Gently blowing your nose and avoiding picking or rubbing the inside of your nose can also prevent irritation and trauma. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water supports overall moisture levels, including in nasal passages.