Experiencing heartburn after an endoscopy is a common concern. While unsettling, this sensation is often a temporary and expected side effect. Understanding the reasons behind this post-procedure discomfort can help alleviate apprehension.
Why Heartburn Can Occur After Endoscopy
Heartburn following an upper endoscopy arises from several factors, including the passage of the endoscope, a thin, flexible tube, through the esophagus, which can cause temporary irritation or mild inflammation of the lining. This mechanical interaction can leave the throat feeling sore or scratchy, contributing to a burning sensation.
During the endoscopy, air is often introduced into the upper digestive tract to expand the organs for a clearer view. This insufflated air can lead to bloating, gas, and pressure on the stomach, contributing to acid reflux symptoms. While carbon dioxide is sometimes used, air remains common, and its slower absorption can prolong these sensations.
Sedation administered during the procedure can also contribute to heartburn. Many sedatives can temporarily relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular valve that typically prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. When this sphincter is relaxed, stomach acid is more likely to reflux, causing heartburn. These effects are usually transient, and symptoms improve with time.
Managing Post-Endoscopy Heartburn
For mild heartburn after an endoscopy, several measures can help alleviate discomfort, including beneficial dietary adjustments such as avoiding spicy, acidic, fried, or fatty foods for the first few days. Starting with clear liquids and gradually reintroducing soft, bland foods like applesauce, bananas, or plain rice can aid recovery.
Over-the-counter medications can also provide relief. Antacids work by neutralizing stomach acid for quick, short-lived relief. Acid reducers, such as H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), decrease acid production in the stomach for longer-lasting effects. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding lying down immediately after eating and elevating the head during sleep, can help prevent reflux.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While mild heartburn and discomfort are common after an endoscopy, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience severe or worsening abdominal pain, persistent or severe chest pain, or difficulty swallowing.
Other signs include persistent vomiting, especially if the vomit contains blood or appears like coffee grounds. A fever of 101°F (38°C) or greater, chills, or the passage of black, tarry, or bloody stools also require prompt medical attention. Shortness of breath or any other concerning symptom should prompt a call to your doctor or a visit to an emergency department.