It is common to experience a yeast infection during pregnancy. These infections, also known as candidiasis or thrush, occur when there is an overgrowth of Candida fungus, which naturally resides in the body. While generally not harmful to the developing baby, these infections can cause significant discomfort for the pregnant individual. Understanding the reasons behind increased susceptibility during this period, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing safe management strategies can provide clear information for expectant parents.
Increased Susceptibility During Pregnancy
Yeast infections are more frequent during pregnancy, particularly in the second trimester, due to significant physiological changes. Hormonal shifts play a primary role, especially the elevated levels of estrogen. This increase in estrogen leads to higher levels of glycogen in vaginal secretions, creating a more favorable environment for Candida to thrive and multiply.
The altered hormonal balance can also affect the vaginal microbiome, disrupting the natural equilibrium between yeast and beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus. While Lactobacillus typically helps maintain a low vaginal pH that discourages yeast overgrowth, changes in this balance can make the vagina more susceptible to infection. Additionally, the immune system undergoes modifications during pregnancy, which may contribute to an increased risk of infections.
Identifying and Managing Symptoms
Symptoms of a yeast infection during pregnancy are similar to those experienced at other times and can include thick, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge. Other common signs are itching, burning, or soreness in the vaginal area, along with redness or swelling of the vulva. Some individuals may also experience pain during urination or sexual intercourse, or a mild odor.
It is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis, as these symptoms can overlap with other conditions such as bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections. For treatment, antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories containing clotrimazole or miconazole are generally considered safe and effective during pregnancy. These over-the-counter options are often recommended for a 7-day course. Oral medications, such as fluconazole, are typically not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the baby, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use.
Addressing Risks and Prevention
Yeast infections during pregnancy are generally not harmful to the developing baby. The primary concern is discomfort for the pregnant individual. However, if a yeast infection remains untreated at the time of delivery, there is a slight chance it could pass to the baby’s mouth, causing a condition called thrush. Thrush in newborns is typically manageable and treated with antifungal medication like Nystatin.
While complete prevention may not be possible due to hormonal changes, certain practices can help reduce the risk of developing a yeast infection. Wearing loose, breathable cotton underwear and clothing can help keep the vaginal area dry and aired. Changing out of wet swimsuits or sweaty clothes promptly, maintaining good hygiene by wiping from front to back after using the restroom, and avoiding douching or scented feminine products are also beneficial. Some research suggests that including yogurt with live cultures in the diet may help maintain a healthy microbial balance.