After a tooth extraction, some bleeding is a normal and expected part of the healing process. Your body initiates a natural response by forming a blood clot within the empty socket. This clot is fundamental for healing, protecting underlying bone and nerves, and facilitating new tissue growth.
Understanding Normal Bleeding
Normal bleeding after a tooth extraction typically manifests as light oozing or pink, red-tinged saliva, rather than a heavy, continuous flow. A small amount of blood mixed with saliva often appears more significant than it actually is. This light bleeding is usually most noticeable during the first few hours following the procedure.
The bleeding should gradually diminish, and most of it should subside within three to four hours after the extraction. However, it is normal to experience light spotting or minor oozing for up to 24 to 48 hours. The formation of a blood clot is crucial; it acts as a protective layer over the exposed bone and nerve endings in the socket, promoting healing and preventing complications like dry socket.
Controlling Bleeding at Home
Managing normal post-extraction bleeding involves several steps to encourage clot formation and prevent its dislodgement. Apply firm, consistent pressure with a clean gauze pad directly over the extraction site. Bite down gently but firmly on the gauze for 30 to 60 minutes, replacing it as needed if it becomes saturated.
Keeping your head elevated, especially when resting or sleeping, helps reduce blood pressure at the wound site and minimize bleeding. Avoid activities that create suction in the mouth, such as spitting, vigorous rinsing, or drinking through a straw, as these actions can dislodge the protective blood clot. Smoking and strenuous physical activity should also be avoided for at least 24 to 48 hours, as they can disrupt the healing process and increase bleeding.
For the initial healing period, consume a soft diet, avoiding very hot or very cold liquids. Apply a cold compress to the cheek near the extraction site, in 15-minute intervals, to help constrict blood vessels and reduce both bleeding and swelling.
When Bleeding Becomes a Concern
While some bleeding is expected, certain signs indicate that it may be excessive or abnormal, warranting professional attention. Continuous, bright red bleeding that quickly soaks gauze pads (every 15 to 30 minutes) and does not subside with pressure is a cause for concern. Bleeding that persists beyond 24 to 48 hours, despite following aftercare instructions, also requires evaluation by a dental professional.
Other worrying symptoms include large or excessive blood clots, often described as “liver clots,” or if bleeding is accompanied by severe pain that worsens, significant swelling, or signs of infection such as fever, chills, or foul-tasting discharge. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your dentist or oral surgeon promptly for guidance.