Variations in penile shape, including curvature, are very common. A slight curve in the penis is often normal and does not cause problems.
Natural Penile Curvature
A slight curve in the penis is often a natural characteristic, with many men having some degree of bend when erect. This normal curvature can be present from birth, often becoming noticeable during puberty. It is due to anatomical variations in the development of erectile tissues. These curves are usually stable, do not change significantly over time, and do not cause pain or interfere with sexual function.
When a Curve is Not Normal
While many penile curves are normal, some can indicate an underlying medical condition. One such condition is Peyronie’s disease, which involves the formation of fibrous scar tissue, known as plaque, beneath the skin of the penis. This plaque can cause the penis to bend, indent, or deform during an erection. This condition is acquired, meaning it develops over time, and can result from trauma to the penis, often occurring during sexual activity. Genetic predisposition or autoimmune factors may also contribute to its development.
Peyronie’s disease differs from natural curvature due to its acquired nature and potential for troublesome symptoms. The scar tissue, which is not cancerous, forms within the tunica albuginea, an elastic membrane that helps maintain penile stiffness during erection. As the plaque develops, it can pull on surrounding tissues, causing the penis to curve in various directions—upward, downward, or to the side. In some cases, the plaque may form completely around the penis, leading to narrowing or an “hourglass” appearance. Pain may occur as scar tissue forms, but the curvature often stabilizes and pain lessens over time.
Signs of a Problematic Curve
Several signs differentiate a concerning penile curve from a normal one, suggesting a condition like Peyronie’s disease. One key indicator is the sudden onset of curvature, particularly if it was not present since puberty. A noticeable change in the degree or direction of curvature over time is another red flag. Pain during erection, especially in the early stages of the condition, is a common symptom. The bending can become significant enough to make sexual intercourse difficult or even impossible.
Additional signs include indentations or narrowing of the penis, sometimes described as an “hourglass deformity.” Individuals may also notice palpable lumps or hard plaques under the skin. A perceived shortening or loss of girth can also occur. These symptoms can develop either suddenly or gradually, and the physical changes often persist.
When to Consult a Doctor
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional, specifically a urologist, if any of the problematic signs of penile curvature are present. These signs include new or sudden curvature, increasing pain during erections, or a bend that interferes with sexual activity. Early diagnosis can be beneficial for managing conditions like Peyronie’s disease. A doctor’s visit typically involves a physical examination and a discussion of symptoms, including medical and family history.
The urologist may palpate the penis to feel for scar tissue and might measure penile length. Imaging tests may be used to assess the location of scar tissue and blood flow. Treatment options for problematic curves vary, ranging from observation to medication or surgical interventions, depending on the severity and stability of the condition. A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and discuss appropriate management strategies.