Jaw pain is a common experience for many individuals when their wisdom teeth begin to emerge. These teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of adult teeth to develop, typically appearing between the ages of 17 and 25.
Why Wisdom Teeth Cause Jaw Pain
The primary reason wisdom teeth can cause jaw pain stems from the limited space available in the jaw. Human jaws have evolved to be smaller over time, often lacking sufficient room to accommodate all 32 teeth, including the wisdom teeth. As a wisdom tooth attempts to push through the gum line, it can exert pressure on surrounding teeth and bone, leading to discomfort and aching in the jaw.
This force can also cause the tooth to emerge at an angle or become partially or fully trapped within the jawbone or gums, a condition known as impaction. When a wisdom tooth is partially erupted, a flap of gum tissue may remain over its surface, creating a susceptible area where food particles and bacteria can accumulate. This accumulation can lead to inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue, a condition called pericoronitis. Pericoronitis can result in significant pain, swelling, and increased jaw stiffness. Furthermore, an impacted tooth can push against adjacent teeth, causing misalignment and contributing to jaw pain.
Relieving Discomfort at Home
For mild to moderate jaw pain associated with emerging wisdom teeth, several home remedies can provide temporary relief. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can help reduce both pain and inflammation; always follow dosage instructions. Applying an ice pack to the outside of the jaw can also help reduce swelling and provide a numbing effect, lessening discomfort. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water is another effective measure. Saltwater has natural disinfectant properties that can help reduce bacteria and soothe inflamed gums; dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in warm water and swish for 30 to 60 seconds. Eating soft foods can also minimize pressure on the affected area, preventing further irritation.
Signs You Should See a Dentist
While some discomfort is expected, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional dental evaluation. Persistent or severe pain that does not respond to home remedies should prompt a visit to the dentist. Significant swelling in the jaw or surrounding facial areas is also a warning sign. Difficulty opening the mouth fully, stiffness in the jaw, or pain when chewing and swallowing can suggest more serious issues.
Additional indicators that warrant a dental visit include a bad taste in the mouth, foul breath, or the presence of pus around the emerging tooth, as these can signal an infection. Fever accompanying jaw pain is another sign of potential infection. If any of these symptoms appear, consulting a dentist promptly can help prevent further complications.
Common Wisdom Tooth Complications
When wisdom teeth do not emerge properly, various complications can arise, intensifying jaw pain and other symptoms. Pericoronitis, an infection of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted wisdom tooth, is a frequent issue. This condition occurs when bacteria and food particles become trapped under the gum flap, leading to inflammation, pain, and sometimes a foul taste or pus.
Impaction itself is a common complication, where the wisdom tooth is blocked from fully emerging. This can involve the tooth growing at an angle, pushing against adjacent teeth, or remaining completely embedded in the jawbone. Impacted wisdom teeth can lead to crowding of other teeth, potentially causing misalignment and increased jaw discomfort. Less common but more severe complications include the formation of cysts, fluid-filled sacs that can develop around an impacted tooth and potentially damage the jawbone. In some instances, an impacted wisdom tooth can contribute to tooth decay in adjacent teeth due to difficulty cleaning the area.