Experiencing contractions that begin and then subside is a common occurrence during pregnancy, often leading to confusion and uncertainty for expectant individuals. This pattern can be perplexing, making it difficult to discern if the body is preparing for labor or if true labor has commenced. This article clarifies why contractions may start and stop, distinguishes between different types, and provides guidance on when to contact a healthcare provider.
Understanding Different Contraction Types
A contraction involves the tightening and relaxing of the uterine muscles, preparing the body for childbirth. These activities manifest in several forms throughout pregnancy.
Braxton Hicks contractions, often called “practice contractions,” are typically irregular and do not lead to significant cervical changes. They prepare the uterus for labor. Prodromal labor contractions are an intermediate stage between Braxton Hicks and active labor. They can be more organized and intense than Braxton Hicks, sometimes occurring with regularity. While they may cause some cervical softening or minor effacement, prodromal contractions generally do not progress to active labor, often starting and stopping over hours or even days. True labor contractions, in contrast, are characterized by progressive changes; they become consistently longer, stronger, and more frequent, leading to significant cervical dilation and effacement necessary for birth.
Why Contractions Start and Stop
The phenomenon of contractions starting and stopping is a normal physiological aspect of late pregnancy, primarily associated with Braxton Hicks and prodromal labor.
Braxton Hicks contractions are the uterus’s practice runs. They can be triggered by factors such as dehydration, a full bladder, increased maternal or fetal activity, or after sexual intercourse. They often subside with changes in activity or hydration.
Prodromal labor, sometimes termed “false labor,” involves contractions more intense and regular than Braxton Hicks but that do not continuously progress. This intermittent pattern can occur for various reasons, including the baby’s position, which may prompt the uterus to contract to optimize fetal alignment for birth. It can also reflect the body’s gradual preparation, softening and thinning the cervix over an extended period without entering active labor. Emotional factors, such as anxiety or stress, may also contribute to this pattern.
Distinguishing Contraction Patterns
Braxton Hicks contractions are typically irregular in frequency, duration, and intensity, often subsiding with a change in activity, rest, or hydration. They are usually felt as a general tightening or hardening across the abdomen and are more uncomfortable than painful. They do not cause the cervix to dilate.
Prodromal labor contractions, while not leading to active labor, can present with more consistency than Braxton Hicks, sometimes occurring at regular intervals before stopping. They may be more painful than Braxton Hicks, feeling like strong menstrual cramps or intense tightening in the front of the abdomen. Unlike true labor, prodromal contractions do not increase in intensity or frequency over time, and they often resolve with rest or a warm bath.
True labor contractions, conversely, become progressively stronger, longer, and closer together, regardless of activity or position changes. They cause progressive cervical dilation and effacement, and the pain typically intensifies, often starting in the back and wrapping around to the abdomen.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider if contractions become consistently regular, stronger, and closer together, especially if they follow a pattern such as occurring every five minutes, lasting for one minute, and continuing for at least an hour. This “5-1-1 rule” is a common guideline, though some providers may suggest a “4-1-1” or “3-1-1” pattern.
Immediate contact with a healthcare provider is also necessary if there is any rupture of membranes, commonly known as the “water breaking,” which can manifest as a gush or a continuous trickle of fluid. Vaginal bleeding, particularly bright red blood, or a significant bloody show (more than just a small amount of pink or brown discharge) warrants prompt medical attention. Additionally, a decrease in fetal movement, severe or persistent abdominal pain, or any concerns about preterm labor (contractions before 37 weeks of pregnancy) require immediate communication with a healthcare professional.
Managing Intermittent Contractions
Coping with contractions that start and stop involves various comfort measures. Hydration is important, as dehydration can sometimes trigger or worsen Braxton Hicks contractions; drinking plenty of water can help alleviate them. Changing positions can also provide relief; if sitting, try walking, or if active, consider resting.
Taking a warm bath or shower can help relax uterine muscles and ease discomfort. Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises or guided meditation, can help manage sensations and reduce anxiety. Light activity, like a gentle walk, may sometimes help intermittent contractions subside or, if prodromal, potentially encourage a more consistent pattern. Resting and conserving energy are also important, particularly during prodromal labor, as this phase can be physically and emotionally taxing while the body continues its preparatory work.