When a parent notices their sleeping baby with eyes partially open, the sight can be startling and often prompts immediate concern. This phenomenon is, in fact, quite common and is typically a normal variation of infant sleep behavior. The appearance of incomplete eyelid closure during rest, sometimes referred to as nocturnal lagophthalmos, is usually not a sign of a health issue in infants. Most babies who exhibit this outgrow the habit naturally as their sleep patterns and nervous systems continue to mature.
Why Babies Sleep with Their Eyes Partially Open
The primary reason infants sleep with their eyes ajar relates to their unique sleep cycle structure. Newborns spend approximately 50% of their total rest time in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, which is significantly more than adults. This active sleep stage is characterized by high brain activity and rapid eye movements occurring beneath the eyelids.
During the deep relaxation of REM sleep, muscle tone is reduced, meaning the eyelid muscles may not fully engage to achieve complete closure. This partial closure is clinically defined as lagophthalmos, but in infants, it is often considered physiological. The infant’s central nervous system is still undergoing development and may not consistently send the correct signals for full eyelid closure during sleep.
This developmental phase is temporary, and as the nervous system matures, the ability to fully close the eyes during sleep improves. In some cases, the tendency to sleep with eyes open may also be a hereditary trait, seen in other family members.
When the Behavior Signals a Problem
While partial eyelid opening is generally harmless, certain signs indicate the behavior requires a pediatrician’s evaluation. A concern arises if the eyes are fully open, rather than just slightly ajar, or if the baby shows signs of eye irritation such as excessive tearing, redness, or dryness upon waking.
Parents should also monitor for other symptoms accompanying the open-eyed sleep. These may include unusual facial movements, irregular breathing patterns, or extreme sensitivity to light when the baby wakes up. In rare instances, an inability to fully close the eyes can be linked to congenital conditions, facial nerve issues, or other medical disorders.
Seeking medical advice is prudent if the open-eyed sleeping appears suddenly after a period of normal sleep or persists well past the first year of life. An examination can rule out underlying anatomical or neurological issues that might prevent proper eyelid function. The presence of any discomfort or unusual physical signs warrants consultation to ensure the cornea is protected from exposure.
Protecting the Baby’s Eyes
For babies whose open-eyed sleep has been confirmed as a normal, developmental variation, parents can take simple steps to ensure comfort and eye health. One helpful adjustment is to increase the moisture in the baby’s sleeping environment. Using a humidifier in the nursery can help prevent the exposed portion of the eye from becoming excessively dry.
It is also important to maintain a calm and dim environment during all sleep periods. If the sight of the open eyes is bothersome, a parent can wait until the baby is in a deep sleep and gently stroke the eyelids downward to encourage closure. Parents should avoid attempting to force the eyelids shut, as this could disturb the baby or cause unnecessary irritation.
If a doctor confirms mild dryness or irritation, they may recommend preservative-free lubricating eye drops or ointment designed for infants. This non-medical intervention helps protect the eye’s surface from prolonged air exposure. Consistent monitoring for any signs of discomfort remains the best defense against complications.