A ganglion cyst is a non-cancerous, fluid-filled lump that commonly forms near joints or tendons. These cysts frequently appear on the wrist, hand, ankle, or foot, but can develop near any joint. While generally harmless and often painless, they may cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns. Ganglion cysts are common benign soft tissue masses.
The Event of a Burst
A ganglion cyst can burst spontaneously due to pressure, trauma, or accidental impact. When this occurs, the thick, jelly-like fluid inside the cyst is released and spreads into the surrounding tissues beneath the skin. Individuals might experience a sudden “pop” sensation or a release of pressure at the site of the cyst.
Following a burst, the visible lump often disappears or significantly decreases in size as the fluid disperses and is absorbed by the body. Despite the disappearance of the lump, the underlying sac or connection to the joint or tendon typically remains intact. This means that while the immediate swelling resolves, the structural component of the cyst persists.
Risks of a Burst Cyst
While a spontaneous burst of a ganglion cyst is not usually considered dangerous, certain risks can arise, especially if the bursting is induced by self-manipulation or significant trauma. One prominent concern is infection, which can occur if the skin barrier is compromised during the bursting event. Bacteria can then enter the body, potentially leading to local infections like cellulitis or, in more severe cases, an abscess. Signs of infection include increased redness, swelling, warmth, pus formation, and sometimes fever.
Another common outcome after a cyst bursts, whether spontaneously or due to external force, is recurrence. Since the cyst’s sac or “root” often remains, the cyst can re-form and refill with fluid over time. Recurrence rates can be high, particularly after non-surgical methods. Furthermore, forceful bursting, such as hitting the cyst, carries the risk of damaging surrounding tissues, nerves, or blood vessels, leading to pain, tingling, or muscle weakness. The area may also become sore, bruised, or inflamed following the rupture.
Immediate Steps After a Burst
If a ganglion cyst bursts, cleaning the affected area immediately is important to minimize the risk of infection. Gently wash the skin with soap and water to remove any external contaminants. After cleaning, apply a clean bandage or dressing to protect the site from further irritation and potential bacterial entry.
Monitor the area closely for any signs of infection, such as increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or the presence of pus. While the fluid typically gets reabsorbed by the body, persistent or worsening symptoms warrant medical attention. Consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for evaluation, especially if infection is suspected or if the cyst recurs.
Professional Management of Cysts
Medical professionals approach ganglion cyst management with methods that prioritize patient safety and long-term resolution. Many cysts are initially observed, as a significant number resolve on their own. If the cyst causes pain, discomfort, or affects function, other options are considered.
A common medical procedure is aspiration, where a healthcare provider uses a sterile needle to drain the fluid from the cyst. While effective in reducing the cyst’s size and symptoms, aspiration has a relatively high recurrence rate because the cyst’s connection to the joint or tendon is not removed. For persistent or problematic cysts, surgical excision, which involves removing the entire cyst and its root, may be recommended, offering a lower chance of recurrence. Self-bursting, such as hitting the cyst, is strongly discouraged due to the risks involved.