Getting vape juice in your mouth is unpleasant. While mild exposure may only cause a temporary unpleasant taste or irritation, the primary concern is the systemic absorption of nicotine. Vape juice, also known as e-liquid, is the liquid formulation used in e-cigarettes. The potential for harm depends significantly on the nicotine concentration and the amount swallowed. Understanding the components and knowing the proper steps can help manage this accident safely.
Understanding the Components of Vape Juice
Vape juice is composed of main ingredients that contribute to its properties and potential hazard level. The bulk of the liquid consists of Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG), which act as carriers for flavorings and nicotine. PG and VG are common additives found in many food and cosmetic products, and in small oral doses, they are generally considered low-risk.
These carrier liquids may cause mild irritation or stomach discomfort if swallowed, but they are not the main toxic threat. The flavorings added to vape juice are generally regarded as safe for ingestion in small amounts. However, the principal toxic agent in vape juice is nicotine, a naturally occurring alkaloid.
The concentration of nicotine is measured in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL) and is the most important factor determining the potential severity of exposure. Strengths range from 0 mg/mL (nicotine-free) up to 50 mg/mL or more, especially in products containing nicotine salts. Nicotine is rapidly absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth and the intestines if swallowed.
Immediate First Aid Following Oral Contact
Immediate action is necessary if vape juice gets into your mouth to minimize nicotine absorption. The first step is to spit out the liquid immediately and completely avoid swallowing any of it. Once expelled, the mouth should be thoroughly rinsed with water multiple times to wash away residual liquid and reduce irritation.
If the liquid was accidentally swallowed, or if the individual is a child, an urgent response is required. Contact emergency services or a poison control center right away, even if the person is not yet showing symptoms. Experts can provide free, confidential, case-specific advice.
Always seek professional medical advice immediately if the person is a child or if the nicotine concentration or amount swallowed is unsure. It is helpful to have the vape juice container or packaging available when calling, as this information assists experts in assessing the risk. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a medical or poison control professional.
Signs of Nicotine Overexposure and Poisoning
Symptoms following nicotine absorption range from mild overexposure, sometimes called “nic sick,” to severe poisoning. Mild symptoms can begin within 15 minutes to an hour of exposure and often include localized irritation. Early signs may present as a burning sensation in the mouth or throat, excessive salivation, nausea, or a headache.
As more nicotine is absorbed, symptoms can escalate to signs of systemic poisoning, requiring immediate medical attention. More serious effects include vomiting, abdominal cramps, and changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Individuals may experience rapid heartbeats followed by a slowed heart rate, unsteadiness, confusion, or agitation.
In severe cases of poisoning, symptoms progress to life-threatening issues such as muscle weakness, seizures, difficulty breathing, or coma. If severe symptoms are present, such as seizures or trouble breathing, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Recognizing the signs and acting quickly is necessary for a safe outcome.