Discovering a bright red spot on the white of your eye can be startling. This common occurrence, medically termed a subconjunctival hemorrhage, is a burst tiny blood vessel on the eye’s surface. Despite its alarming appearance, this condition is typically harmless and resolves on its own without intervention.
Understanding a Popped Blood Vessel in the Eye
A subconjunctival hemorrhage happens in the conjunctiva, a clear, thin membrane covering the white part of the eye (sclera). This membrane contains numerous small, fragile blood vessels. When one ruptures, blood becomes trapped beneath the conjunctiva, creating a red patch. Unlike bleeding inside the eye, this blood does not affect vision, nor does it cause pain or discharge. The red spot is often well-defined and usually appears suddenly, sometimes noticed upon waking.
Common Triggers and Underlying Factors
Many everyday actions can lead to a subconjunctival hemorrhage by briefly increasing pressure in the head or neck. These include forceful coughing, vigorous sneezing, straining during bowel movements, vomiting, or heavy lifting. Minor eye trauma, such as rubbing the eye too hard, can also be a cause. Less common underlying factors can contribute, such as high blood pressure or the use of certain blood-thinning medications like aspirin. In many instances, however, the precise cause remains unknown.
When to Consult a Doctor
While generally harmless, medical attention for a subconjunctival hemorrhage is advisable in specific situations. A doctor should be consulted if the red spot is accompanied by eye pain, changes in vision such as blurriness or double vision, or increased sensitivity to light. Other concerning signs include any discharge from the eye or if the hemorrhage occurred after significant head or eye trauma. Recurrent hemorrhages without a clear cause or if the spot does not begin to clear within two to three weeks also warrant a medical evaluation. These symptoms could indicate a different, more serious eye condition or an underlying health issue.
Recovery and Self-Care
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically resolves naturally as the body reabsorbs the blood, similar to a bruise fading. The bright red patch will gradually change color, often turning yellowish or brownish before disappearing completely. This healing process usually takes one to three weeks, depending on the size of the hemorrhage. It is best to avoid rubbing the affected eye, as this can cause further irritation. While artificial tears may alleviate any mild irritation or scratchy sensation, they do not accelerate the healing of the hemorrhage itself.