Hydroxyzine is not classified as a controlled substance under federal law in the United States. It does not appear on the schedules established by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) under the Controlled Substances Act, as its properties do not meet the criteria for control.
Understanding Controlled Substances
Controlled substances are drugs regulated by the government due to their potential for abuse or dependence. The U.S. Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. ยง 812) categorizes these substances into five schedules based on their accepted medical use, abuse potential, and safety concerns. For example, Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse, while Schedule V drugs have a low potential for abuse and accepted medical uses. These regulations include strict record-keeping requirements, limits on refills, and specific prescription pad requirements. The purpose is to prevent misuse, diversion, and illicit trafficking of drugs that pose a significant public health risk.
Hydroxyzine’s Classification and Uses
Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine that functions by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the body and brain, contributing to its sedative effects. It is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of anxiety and tension. It is also effective in treating itching (pruritus) associated with various allergic conditions due to its antihistaminic properties. Additionally, hydroxyzine can be used as a sedative before and after general anesthesia or surgical procedures. Despite its ability to induce drowsiness, it does not carry the same risk of physical dependence or abuse characteristic of controlled sedatives like benzodiazepines or opioids.
Reasons for Misconception
Confusion surrounding hydroxyzine’s status often stems from its sedative properties. Many people associate any medication that causes drowsiness or is prescribed for anxiety with controlled substances. For example, benzodiazepines are controlled substances also prescribed for anxiety and can cause sedation, leading to this common misconception. The general public may not be familiar with the specific criteria used by regulatory bodies to classify drugs. Without understanding the distinctions in abuse potential and pharmacological mechanisms, it is easy to group all sedating or anxiety-reducing medications together. This lack of detailed knowledge about drug scheduling contributes to the ongoing misunderstanding.
Prescription and Dispensing
Even though hydroxyzine is not a controlled substance, it remains a prescription-only medication. A licensed healthcare provider must authorize its use; patients cannot purchase it over-the-counter. This requirement ensures a medical professional evaluates the patient’s condition, determines the appropriate dosage, and monitors for potential side effects or drug interactions. This oversight helps confirm the medication is used safely and effectively for its intended therapeutic purposes.