Hickory is not a type of cedar, and the two trees belong to entirely separate biological groups. They represent distinct botanical lineages and produce wood with profoundly different physical properties and commercial applications. The common names for these trees refer to species that do not share a recent evolutionary relationship, creating a significant separation in their characteristics. Understanding their differences requires looking closely at their scientific classification and the tangible qualities of the wood material they produce.
Understanding Botanical Classification
Hickory trees belong to the genus Carya, which is a member of the Walnut family, scientifically known as Juglandaceae. These trees are deciduous hardwoods native primarily to the Eastern United States and parts of Asia. Hickory’s close relatives include pecan and walnut, all of which are categorized within the botanical Order Fagales.
Conversely, the trees commonly referred to as cedar fall into two main categories. True cedars belong to the genus Cedrus within the Pine family (Pinaceae), which are conifers and softwoods. The most common source of “cedar” confusion, however, is aromatic cedar, which is botanically a juniper, such as Juniperus virginiana, and is part of the Cypress family (Cupressaceae).
Key Differences in Wood Properties
The wood produced by these two distinct tree types offers a stark contrast in density and performance. Hickory is recognized as one of the hardest domestic hardwoods, possessing a remarkable Janka hardness rating of approximately 1,820 pound-force. This dense structure, typically 45 to 50 pounds per cubic foot, gives hickory exceptional shock resistance and strength. For these reasons, it is widely used for tool handles, sporting goods, and high-traffic flooring.
In contrast, aromatic cedar is a lightweight softwood with a low density, making it easy to cut and shape. Cedar’s most famous characteristic is its distinct, pungent, and sweet aroma, which comes from natural oils like thujaplicins found within the wood. These oils naturally repel insects and resist decay, making cedar the preferred choice for lining closets, chests, and outdoor siding. Hickory wood lacks a strong natural aroma and does not possess this inherent insect-repelling quality.
Addressing Common Misconceptions
The primary reason people ask if hickory is a type of cedar stems from the confusing application of the term “cedar” itself. The name “cedar” is often used loosely for many aromatic conifers, especially the Eastern red cedar which is actually a species of juniper. This common name usage blurs the line between true cedars, junipers, and other woods.
The two woods also cross paths in a few commercial contexts, which can contribute to the mistaken association. Both hickory and certain cedars are sometimes used in outdoor applications like fencing or in the culinary world for smoking meats. However, hickory is valued for the intense, savory flavor it imparts to food, while cedar is prized for its natural durability and aromatic qualities.