Hibiscus tea, often called Roselle or sour tea, is a tart, ruby-red infusion derived from the dried calyces of the Hibiscus sabdariffa flower. This beverage has a long history of use in traditional medicine across various cultures for general wellness benefits. Many people who menstruate use this herbal drink as a natural approach to manage monthly cycle discomforts. This article evaluates the evidence surrounding the use of hibiscus tea for managing menstruation.
The Active Components in Hibiscus
The health properties of hibiscus tea are attributed to a rich composition of phytochemicals concentrated in the flower’s calyces. The vibrant red color comes from pigments called anthocyanins, which are potent antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative stress. Hibiscus also contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids, such as citric and malic acid, which give the tea its characteristic tart flavor. Collectively, these components provide anti-inflammatory and diuretic actions, supporting the plant’s potential benefits.
Specific Effects on Menstrual Symptoms
The anti-inflammatory action of anthocyanins in hibiscus may help reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, or menstrual cramps. Cramping is often caused by an overproduction of inflammatory compounds called prostaglandins, and the tea’s properties can help mitigate this process. Traditional use also suggests the presence of antispasmodic compounds that relax the smooth muscle of the uterus, easing painful contractions.
Hibiscus tea is recognized for its mild diuretic effects, which benefit those who experience premenstrual water retention. By promoting increased urine output, the tea helps reduce the feeling of bloating and swelling that occurs before and during a period.
Hibiscus may also support hormonal balance due to its content of phytoestrogens. These plant compounds weakly mimic estrogen, which can help modulate hormonal fluctuations that lead to mood disturbances and irritability. Furthermore, certain flavonoids have shown potential antidepressant activity, supporting emotional well-being during the menstrual phase.
Safety, Interactions, and Consumption Guidelines
While generally safe in moderate amounts, hibiscus tea carries specific risks. The tea has a known hypotensive effect, meaning it can significantly lower blood pressure. Individuals taking medications for high blood pressure should consult a healthcare provider, as concurrent consumption may cause blood pressure to drop too low.
Similarly, hibiscus may decrease blood sugar levels, posing a potential interaction for people managing diabetes with medication. The tea can affect the metabolism of certain drugs, including antimalarial medications like chloroquine, and over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen. Consulting a physician is advised before adding it to a daily routine, especially if taking regular medication.
A mandatory caution applies to people who are pregnant or trying to conceive, as hibiscus tea is advised against during these times. High doses are believed to have emmenagogic properties, stimulating blood flow to the uterus and potentially inducing menstruation. Animal studies have shown anti-fertility effects and an increased risk of complications, making it unsafe during pregnancy or while attempting conception.
For general consumption, there is no standardized dosage, but drinking one to two cups daily is considered moderate. To maximize benefits for menstrual symptoms, traditional practices suggest beginning consumption about seven days before the anticipated start of the cycle. To prepare, steep one to two teaspoons of dried calyces in hot water for five to ten minutes, straining before drinking.