A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes upward through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm (the muscle separating the chest from the abdomen). This opening normally allows the esophagus to connect with the stomach. The most common type is a sliding hiatal hernia, where the stomach slides in and out of the chest.
Hiatal Hernias and Genetic Links
While a hiatal hernia is not directly inherited, a genetic predisposition can increase susceptibility. Studies suggest a potential genetic influence. Some individuals may inherit anatomical variations, such as a naturally wider hiatus opening in the diaphragm, which makes it easier for the stomach to protrude.
Certain genetic disorders can weaken the body’s connective tissues, the supporting structures that hold organs in place. Conditions like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, for instance, can lead to overly stretchy connective tissues, making a person more prone to hernias, including hiatal hernias. If parents or siblings have experienced hiatal hernias, there might be a slightly increased chance for other family members due to shared genetic traits or lifestyle factors.
Beyond Genetics: Other Contributing Factors
Beyond genetic predispositions, several other factors contribute to the development of hiatal hernias. Increased pressure within the abdomen is a common cause. This pressure can result from various activities such as chronic coughing, repetitive vomiting, or straining during bowel movements.
Heavy lifting also places considerable stress on the diaphragmatic muscles, which can enlarge the hiatus and allow the stomach to push through. Obesity is another significant risk factor, as excess body weight puts continuous pressure on the abdomen and diaphragm. The natural aging process can also weaken the muscles and tissues of the diaphragm over time, making older adults, particularly those over 50, more susceptible to developing a hiatal hernia.
Identifying a Hiatal Hernia and Next Steps
Many small hiatal hernias do not cause noticeable symptoms, and individuals might be unaware they have the condition. However, larger hernias can lead to various symptoms, including heartburn, acid reflux, and difficulty swallowing. Other signs can involve chest or abdominal pain, feeling full quickly after eating, or frequent belching.
If symptoms persist, worsen, or are not relieved by over-the-counter medications, consult a healthcare professional. Seek prompt medical attention if you experience severe chest pain, vomiting blood, or pass black stools, as these could indicate more serious complications. A doctor can accurately diagnose a hiatal hernia and recommend appropriate management based on your specific situation.