The term “greening out” describes an unpleasant reaction to consuming too much cannabis, often equated with an “overdose.” This article clarifies the distinction between greening out and the broader medical definition of an overdose. Understanding this difference is important for assessing symptoms and knowing when to seek help.
What Greening Out Means
Greening out refers to discomfort or overconsumption after using cannabis, often due to consuming too much, too quickly, or a high-potency product. It can also occur when cannabis is combined with other substances, such as alcohol, which intensifies its effects. THC, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, overstimulates certain receptors, leading to these effects.
Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, headaches, and profuse sweating. Psychological effects may involve intense anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, disorientation, confusion, and altered sensory perceptions. While deeply uncomfortable, these effects are typically temporary.
Understanding an Overdose
An overdose occurs when a toxic amount of any substance is consumed, leading to harmful and potentially life-threatening effects. Severity depends on the specific substance, quantity consumed, and individual physiological response. Overdoses can be accidental or intentional and require immediate medical attention.
Different substances affect the body distinctly. Opioids, for instance, can dangerously suppress the central nervous system, leading to slowed breathing and heart rate. Stimulant overdoses, conversely, can dangerously elevate heart rate and blood pressure, potentially causing seizures, strokes, or heart attacks.
Distinguishing Greening Out from an Overdose
While often called a “cannabis overdose,” greening out differs significantly from life-threatening overdoses associated with substances like opioids or excessive alcohol. Greening out is an adverse reaction to consuming too much cannabis, resulting in uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms. Unlike opioids, cannabis does not typically depress vital bodily functions, such as breathing, to a fatal degree. This is because THC’s cannabinoid receptors are not located in brainstem regions controlling respiration.
Fatalities solely attributed to cannabis consumption are extremely rare, with no recorded deaths from taking too much cannabis alone. Although unpleasant, greening out is generally self-limiting; symptoms subside as cannabis effects wear off, usually within a few hours to a day. Emergency medical intervention is typically not required unless symptoms are unusually severe, persist, or if other substances were consumed or pre-existing medical conditions are exacerbated.
Responding to Greening Out
If you or someone is greening out, the primary goal is comfort and reassurance while effects subside. Move to a quiet, safe, and comfortable space away from overwhelming stimuli. Encourage hydration with water and offer a light snack to alleviate nausea and stabilize blood sugar.
Deep breathing exercises can help manage anxiety and regulate heart rate. Reassure the individual that uncomfortable feelings are temporary and will pass. Stay with the person until symptoms improve. Seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, do not improve, or if other substance use or an underlying health condition is suspected.
Minimizing the Risk of Greening Out
Preventing greening out involves mindful consumption practices. Start with a low dose, especially with new products or low tolerance. Consume slowly, allowing time for effects to manifest before taking more. Understand the potency of cannabis products, particularly edibles, which have delayed and often more intense effects.
Avoid mixing cannabis with alcohol or other substances, as this amplifies effects and increases the likelihood of greening out. Consume cannabis in a safe environment, ensuring you are well-hydrated and have eaten beforehand can also help reduce the risk.