The Golden Pothos, scientifically known as Epipremnum aureum, is one of the most popular houseplants due to its attractive heart-shaped leaves and ease of care. Often referred to as Devil’s Ivy, this trailing vine is a common sight in homes and offices. Despite its aesthetic appeal, the plant is considered toxic to both humans and pets if any part of it is chewed or ingested.
The Mechanism of Toxicity
The unpleasant reaction caused by the Golden Pothos is not chemical poisoning, but a mechanical irritation. The plant tissue contains a high concentration of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which are the toxic principle. These microscopic, needle-shaped crystals, known as raphides, are stored within specialized plant cells called idioblasts. When the tissue is chewed, the idioblasts rupture, explosively ejecting the raphides into the mouth and throat of the consumer, causing intense, immediate pain and irritation to sensitive tissues.
Signs of Ingestion in Humans
Ingestion of Golden Pothos by humans, particularly curious children, typically results in symptoms that are localized and immediate. The most immediate sign is an intense burning sensation in the mouth and throat due to crystal penetration, followed by inflammation and swelling of the tongue, lips, and oral cavity. The localized irritation can lead to excessive drooling and difficulty in swallowing, known as dysphagia. Systemic toxicity is rare, and symptoms are primarily confined to the area of contact, but medical attention should still be sought after any known ingestion.
Signs of Ingestion in Pets
The risk is often higher for household pets, such as cats and dogs, who may chew on plants out of curiosity. Symptoms are similar to those in humans, including excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth caused by intense oral pain and irritation. A pet may also exhibit repeated pawing at the mouth, shaking its head, or vocalizing due to the discomfort. If the plant material is swallowed, gastrointestinal distress can occur, leading to vomiting, decreased appetite, and lethargy, and severe swelling of the throat can potentially lead to breathing difficulties, requiring immediate veterinary consultation.
Immediate Steps and Prevention
If you suspect a human has chewed on a Golden Pothos, remove any remaining plant material from the mouth. Rinsing the mouth thoroughly with cool water, or offering small amounts of milk or water to drink, can help dilute and soothe the irritated tissues. Contact a certified Poison Control Center immediately for a professional risk assessment and further guidance. For pets, immediately call your veterinarian or the Pet Poison Helpline, and place the Golden Pothos in hanging planters or on high shelves completely out of reach of children and pets.