In organic gardening, animal manure is commonly used to enrich soil and provide plant nutrition. Manures are categorized as either “hot” or “cold.” This classification refers not to literal temperature but to the concentration of soluble nutrients, particularly nitrogen, and the potential for the material to harm plants. Knowing this distinction determines how and when manure can be safely applied.
Defining Hot and Cold Manures
The terms “hot” and “cold” refer to the intensity and speed of nutrient release during decomposition. Hot manures contain a high concentration of readily available nitrogen and low moisture, encouraging rapid microbial activity. This quick breakdown generates heat, which can chemically “burn” or damage tender plant roots and foliage upon direct contact. Chicken and pig manures are common examples of hot manures.
Conversely, cold manures release their nutrients much more slowly, resulting in a gradual, time-released feeding effect. This slower decomposition rate means they generate less heat and pose a minimal risk of plant burn, even when applied fresh. Cow and sheep manures are typical examples of cold manures, often having higher moisture content or a chemical makeup that slows the nitrogen release. This distinction dictates whether a manure must be composted before use or can be applied directly to the garden.
The Classification of Goat Manure
Goat manure is consistently classified as a cold or cool manure, making it a valuable and user-friendly soil amendment. This classification is primarily due to its unique physical form and its nitrogen-to-carbon ratio. Unlike the wetter droppings of other livestock, goat manure comes in small, dry pellets.
This pellet structure promotes good aeration and slows the rate at which microorganisms break down the material. The slow decomposition reduces the rapid heat buildup and nutrient surge that characterizes hot manures, virtually eliminating the risk of burning plants. It contains a good balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). The drier pellets are also easier to collect, handle, and spread throughout the garden.
Optimal Application Methods
Due to its cold classification, goat manure can be applied to the garden in several effective ways with little preparation. The pellets can be used as a top dressing, scattered directly around established plants as a gentle, long-term feed without the need for composting. Gardeners can also till the dry pellets into the soil before planting, where they slowly release nutrients as the season progresses.
Another efficient method is creating a liquid fertilizer known as “manure tea.” The pellets are steeped in water, and the resulting nutrient-rich liquid is used to water plants, providing an immediate, gentle nutrient boost. The small, dry pellets are also beneficial when added to a compost pile, as their structure prevents compaction and improves airflow, which can actually speed up the overall composting process.