Wisdom teeth removal is a common dental procedure. Understanding its nature clarifies why it’s considered surgery.
Defining the Surgical Procedure
Wisdom tooth removal is categorized as a surgical procedure. Surgery involves structurally altering the human body through incision or the manipulation of tissues using instruments for diagnostic or therapeutic treatment.
The process involves anesthesia, specialized surgical instruments, and often manipulation of gum tissue and bone. Unlike routine dental procedures like fillings or cleanings, extraction is more involved, especially for impacted teeth. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, who are dental specialists, frequently perform these extractions.
Reasons for Wisdom Tooth Removal
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last adult teeth to emerge, typically between the late teens and early twenties. Often, insufficient jaw space prevents proper growth, leading to various issues. A common problem is impaction, where the tooth does not fully erupt, remaining stuck below the gum line or growing at an odd angle.
Impaction can cause pain, trap food debris, and increase infection risk, such as pericoronitis. Other reasons for removal include tooth decay, gum disease, damage to adjacent teeth, or cysts. Extraction is sometimes recommended preventively to avoid future complications.
The Extraction Process
The extraction process begins with an initial consultation, including medical and dental records review and X-rays. During the procedure, several types of anesthesia ensure patient comfort. Local anesthesia numbs the specific area, allowing the patient to remain awake but pain-free.
Sedation anesthesia, including nitrous oxide or IV medication, helps patients feel relaxed or sleepy, often with little memory of the procedure. For complex cases or anxious patients, general anesthesia may be used, rendering the patient completely unconscious. After anesthesia takes effect, the surgeon may cut gum tissue to expose the tooth and bone. Bone blocking access to the tooth root might be removed, and if necessary, the tooth can be divided into sections for easier extraction. Following removal, the surgical site is cleaned, and dissolvable stitches may be used to close the wound and promote healing.
Navigating Recovery
Following wisdom tooth removal, patients can expect common post-operative symptoms, including swelling, pain, limited jaw opening, and possible bruising. To manage swelling, applying ice packs to the face for the first 24 to 48 hours is recommended. Pain can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medication.
Post-operative care involves specific instructions to aid healing and prevent complications. Patients are advised to consume a soft food diet for three to five days, avoiding hard or chewy foods. Gentle rinsing with warm salt water can begin the day after surgery to keep the area clean. Patients should avoid using straws, smoking, and vigorous physical activity, as these actions can dislodge the blood clot, potentially leading to dry socket. Most individuals return to normal activities within three to five days, with full recovery generally taking about two weeks. Contact the oral surgeon if severe or worsening pain, swelling, bleeding, fever, or pus occurs.