The presence of geese in parks, waterways, and lawns often leads to a common question for gardeners: does their abundant waste hold value as a garden fertilizer? Goose droppings contain nutrients that can support plant growth, but their specific composition and origin introduce unique considerations. Understanding the chemical makeup and the associated risks is necessary before deciding to use this readily available material in a home garden. Safely managing its potency and potential contaminants is crucial.
Nutrient Composition and Effectiveness
Goose droppings are a potent source of the three macronutrients plants require most: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Analysis shows wild goose droppings average approximately 2.2% N, 1.0% Phosphate (P₂O₅), and 2.0% Potash (K₂O) on a dry weight basis. This ratio signifies a material particularly rich in nitrogen and potassium.
The high nitrogen concentration makes goose manure a “hot” fertilizer, similar in strength to chicken manure (3.0% to 4.0% N), and much stronger than cow manure (0.5% to 1.0% N). This nitrogen abundance offers the potential for rapid, lush green growth but also carries a substantial risk. The white component in fresh droppings is uric acid, a form of nitrogen that quickly breaks down into ammonia. This rapid conversion makes the manure potent and prone to causing “fertilizer burn” if applied directly to plant roots or leaves. The generous potassium content is also beneficial for overall plant health, aiding in water regulation and disease resistance.
Health and Environmental Contamination Risks
The practice of collecting and applying untreated goose droppings introduces several significant health and environmental hazards. Wild waterfowl are known carriers of various harmful bacteria and parasites that survive in their feces. Pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella are frequently found in goose waste, posing a risk, especially in vegetable gardens where crops are consumed.
The droppings may also contain parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, which cause gastrointestinal illness in humans and pets. These pathogens can be transferred through direct handling, soil contact, or airborne particles generated by gardening activities.
The high nutrient load also presents an environmental risk, particularly concerning waterways. If large amounts of droppings wash into streams, the excess nitrogen and phosphorus can trigger eutrophication. This process involves rapid algae growth, which depletes dissolved oxygen, harming fish and other aquatic life.
Proper Preparation for Use
Mitigating the biological and chemical risks associated with goose droppings requires proper treatment before application in a garden. The most effective method for safe utilization is hot composting. This process involves mixing the droppings with carbon-rich materials, such as dried leaves or wood chips, to achieve a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.
A hot compost pile must reach and maintain a temperature of 131°F (55°C) for several days to effectively kill harmful pathogens and weed seeds. Regularly turning the pile ensures all material reaches this sustained temperature.
If composting is not feasible, fresh droppings must be substantially diluted before use to avoid damaging plants. Applying a thin layer to mulch and allowing it to break down over weeks reduces the risk of “burn.” Even after treatment, work the material into the soil rather than applying it directly to the surface of edible crops.