Feverfew and chamomile are two distinct plants, although they are frequently mistaken for one another. Both herbs belong to the large Asteraceae plant family, commonly known as the daisy or sunflower family, which accounts for their similar appearance. Despite this shared ancestry, they are different species with unique chemical compositions and, consequently, different primary uses in herbalism.
Botanical Identity and Appearance
Feverfew is scientifically identified as Tanacetum parthenium, while the two most common types of chamomile are German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). These different scientific names confirm their status as separate species. Feverfew plants are typically more erect compared to chamomile, which often grows in a more prostrate or sprawling manner.
The foliage reveals clear physical differences. Feverfew has distinctively lobed, strongly aromatic leaves that are the primary source of its medicinal compounds. Chamomile is primarily valued for its flowers, which often possess a sweet, apple-like scent, while its leaves are more feathery and delicate. German chamomile has a flower head that is convex and hollow on the inside, unlike the flatter base found in feverfew flowers.
Primary Health Applications
Feverfew is primarily known for the prophylaxis, or prevention, of migraine headaches. The herb’s main active components are sesquiterpene lactones, most notably parthenolide, which is concentrated in the leaves. Parthenolide is believed to inhibit the release of inflammatory compounds and modulate serotonin activity, helping to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
Chamomile is recognized for its calming and mild sedative properties, making it a popular choice for promoting relaxation and aiding sleep. German chamomile contains the active compounds apigenin and bisabolol, concentrated in the flower heads. Apigenin is a flavonoid that interacts with benzodiazepine receptors, contributing to the herb’s anxiolytic effects. Chamomile is also often used to soothe digestive issues and promote gut health.
Comparing Safety and Dosage Considerations
Feverfew must be avoided during pregnancy due to its potential to stimulate uterine contractions. People taking feverfew may experience “post-feverfew syndrome” if they suddenly stop, which can involve a return of headaches or muscle stiffness. Chewing fresh feverfew leaves is discouraged because it can cause irritation, mouth sores, and temporary loss of taste.
Chamomile is considered milder, but both herbs carry specific warnings. Since both are members of the Asteraceae family, those with known allergies to ragweed, chrysanthemums, or marigolds may experience allergic reactions. Chamomile’s mild sedative effects can increase drowsiness when combined with central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol or prescription sedatives. Individuals taking anticoagulant medications should use caution with feverfew due to its potential to slow blood clotting.